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Analyzing Management Incentives and Motivation

Analyzing Management Incentives and Motivation

1. Introduction
Motivating employees is a key issue for most managers. In order to achieve a high level of performance and productivity, managers nowadays are inclined to pay more attention on this issue. Different employees need different motivation. This assignment will first look at the different characteristics of professional workers and lower level contingent workers. It will also address the different motivation approaches which are generally used by managers towards these two different groups. And then, by applying a set of motivation theories, we will explain why managers should use such different methods.

2. Characteristics of professional workers and lower level contingent workers
According to Robbins(1998), professional workers are the employees who usually have specialist knowledge, own a permanent working status and tend to be well-paid in an organization, such as software engineers and accountants . On the other hand, lower level contingent workers are usually the people who lack of specialist skills, work part-time involuntarily due to redundancy and tend to be paid at a relatively low level. Professional workers are often placed to important positions and take more responsibility while contingent workers are always working on simple tasks and with less responsibility.

3. Different approaches of motivation applied to professionals and contingent workers in real business world
In the real business world, organization managers are usually recommended to take different approaches of motivation towards their professional employees and lower level contingent workers.(www.accel-team.com) Managers tend to motivate professionals by offering challenging projects, giving them autonomy in following interests and structuring work and rewarding with educational opportunities. French computer services company CAP Gemini Sogeti , for example, used to motivate its engineers and technicians by giving them challenging tasks and relevant solution tools (Robbins 1998). To motivate contingent workers, managers use pay increase, opportunity for permanent status and membership of an occupational sickness benefit scheme. Reader’s Digest used to motivate its temporary staff in such a similar way (Syrett, 1983). A set of theories of motivation in the following part may help to explain this difference to a certain extent.

4. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and implications
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is one of the content theories of motivation which attempt to explain motivation in terms of what arouses and energizes behavior (McKenna, 2000). Maslow(1954) identified five human needs that...

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