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Carbon dioxide

Uploaded by msnarayana on Nov 22, 2012

Other names
Carbonic acid gas
Carbonic anhydride
Carbonic oxide
Carbon oxide
Carbon(IV) oxide
Dry ice (solid phase)

Properties
Molecular formula CO2
Molar mass 44.01 g mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Odorless
Density 1562 kg/m3 (solid at 1 atm and −78.5 °C)
770 kg/m3 (liquid at 56 atm and 20 °C)
1.977 kg/m3 (gas at 1 atm and 0 °C)
Melting point -78 °C, 194.7 K, -109 °F (subl.)

Boiling point -57 °C, 216.6 K, -70 °F (at 5.185 bar)

Solubility in water 1.45 g/L at 25 °C, 100 kPa
Acidity (pKa) 6.35, 10.33
Refractive index (nD) 1.1120
Viscosity 0.07 cP at −78.5 °C
Dipole moment zero
Structure
Molecular shape linear
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 −393.5 kJ·mol−1
Standard molar
entropy So298 214 J·mol−1·K−1
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
NFPA 704 020
Related compounds
Other anions Carbon disulfide
Carbon diselenide
Other cations Silicon dioxide
Germanium dioxide
Tin dioxide
Lead dioxide
Related carbon oxides Carbon monoxide
Carbon suboxide
Dicarbon monoxide
Carbon trioxide
Related compounds Carbonic acid
Carbonyl sulfide
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state, as a trace gas at a concentration of 0.039 per cent by volume.[1]

As part of the carbon cycle known as photosynthesis, plants, algae, and cyanobacteria absorb carbon dioxide, light, and water to produce carbohydrate energy for themselves and oxygen as a waste product.[2] But in darkness photosynthesis cannot occur, and during the resultant respiration small amounts of carbon dioxide are produced.[3] Carbon dioxide is also produced by combustion of coal or hydrocarbons, the fermentation of liquids and the breathing of humans and animals. In addition it is emitted from volcanoes, hot springs, geysers and other places where the earth’s crust is thin; and is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution. CO2 is also found in lakes at depth under the sea, and commingled with oil and gas deposits.[4]

The environmental effects of carbon dioxide are of significant interest. In the earth's atmosphere, it acts as a greenhouse gas which plays a major role in global warming and anthropogenic climate change. Also a major source of ocean acidification is CO2...

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Uploaded by:   msnarayana

Date:   11/22/2012

Category:   Chemistry

Length:   29 pages (6,600 words)

Views:   2543

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