eCheat.com RSS Feedhttps://www.echeat.com/ State vs Federal Pablo Lopez June 17 2016 Government Mr. Reagan Public Education Public Education in our country is of obvious importance, yet much confusion arises as to who manipulates it, the national government or the states. Fortunately our federal system clarifies which government handles what, through the 10th amendment. The amendment makes it clear that the state has power over public education by what is distinguished to be reserved powers, and I support the position and is justifiable through our constitutional law. The 10th amendment states, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people”. The question now is what are the powers delegated? A website titled, Federalism in U.S. Government, answered the question by listing the powers delegated to the national government deriving from the Constitution which are the following. To regulate interstate and international trade, coin money, declare war, maintain armed forces, establish a postal system, enforce copyrights, and finally sign treaties. Public education is not mentioned so therefore becomes reserved. A reserved power is any power not specifically stated by the Constitution, and as stated by the 10th amendment it belongs to the states. Although the national government is not able to control public education it does not mean they are prohibited from aiding or upholding the education system, and is not to be confused as to who maintains power. As a matter of fact the national government ends the confusion immediately by claiming no power over education since 1785. A website identified as LMV.org reminds us that year was the year the first Northwest Ordinance law was created stating national government has the right to lay and collect taxes for the purpose of aiding the general welfare of the United States. And it is through general welfare that the national government has assumed the role of becoming a partner with the states to promote a good education. From henceforth the national government has provided millions of dollars and thousands of acres designated for public schooling until the present time. In no occasion has national government overpowered state government in changing the way students learn or what is taught as common core. The states decide how to manage common core and simply receives aid from the federal government on top of collecting taxes themselves as well. In the end the state maintains and always will maintain power over 2016-08-31T16:49:55.443-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/State-vs-Federal-35218.aspx Immigration Problems IMMIGRATION PROBLEMS Immigration can be defined as ‘to enter and settle in a country or region to which one is not native’. It therefore, entails the movement of people from one country to a permanent abode in another one which is foreign to them. The subtlety of the difference between immigration and migration needs to be considered that is: Whereas immigration means for an individual or a family to move to a foreign country, the word migration describes the act of moving from one place to another - within a country or across borders (intra or inter-national), for people or even animals, and usually refers not to the solitary movement but to a larger demographic like a community or a whole tribe. For the past few years immigration has resulted in problems of grave proportions. So it is very important to pin-point the causes and the resultant repercussions of foreign immigration. Immigration can be legal or illegal but the prime reasons for both are common: economic or social. ‘Lack of opportunities’ due to a turbulent economy in the native country may force the people to move in order to pursue a better life. The ‘Brain drain’ from the third world countries epitomizes this type of immigration. The paucity of jobs or inadequacy of wages to suffice the luxuries and sometimes even the needs of the best lot of a nation, makes them prefer some other country; a more opportune one. Another very important but equally alarming factor is the ‘Racial discrimination’. In its extreme forms, it manifests itself as civil war, ethnic cleansing or even genocide that leaves the targeted race with no other option but to leave for another country. ‘Religious violence’ may also force the people to move to a country where people share their religion. Certain Atheist countries have remained infamous for this type of violence. Even in the modern world such cases have troubled specially the Muslims of India, China and some western countries like France. Other faiths may also be its victim like the holocaust that forced the Jews to Palestine. ‘Social oppression’ may also contribute to the increasing rate of immigration. The Communism of China, Socialism of Russia, Kingdoms of Arab or Dictatorships in any part of the world usurp the freedom of speech of the people and they may immigrate to another country. In the world today, ‘terrorism and unrest’ may also force the people to 2013-01-24T20:58:14.69-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Immigration-Problems-34784.aspx Literature Review on Crime and Migrants United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2011) defines a migrant as a person who lives temporarily or permanently in a country where he or she was not born, and has established social ties there. The long term trends in Australia (and worldwide) shows that migrants will continue to have an increasing contribution to population growth (Australia Bureau of Statistics 2010). This literature review will look to prove and understand if there is any correlation between crimes and migrants, this will be demonstrated through exploring current literature and trends suggesting there is no connection between migrants and crimes. This literature will also prove that it is not migrants responsible for crime, but more likely that it is second and third generation children of migrants raised in the country that participate in criminal activity because of marginalization. Resident populations of countries typically presume that there is a higher likelihood of migrants committing crimes rather than native born counterparts (Kingsbury 2008; Press 2006; Yeager 1997). Yet recent statistics generally conclude that this is not the case, except when a group’s culture can legitimise illegal acts, in their adopted country (Tunick 2004; Yeager 1997) An example of this may include marrying young girls to middle aged males, as is the norm in many middle eastern countries but is a punishable offense in many western countries (Tunick 2004). Migrants are usually older (working age group) than those aged 15-24 years who are most likely to commit crimes (Yeager 1997). Migrants make the decision to come to a new country and have a fresh start; this is not something they are willing to risk, by committing crimes (Yeager 1997; Kingsbury 2008). In America, California, migrants make up 35% of the adult population yet they account for only 17% of the prison population. Statistics show that, those born in America are ten times more likely than their foreign born counterparts, to be incarcerated (Kingsbury 2008; Sampson 2008). Many also argue that migrants make for a safer community (Sampson 2008; Kingsbury 2008; Press 2006; & Dickey 2010) based on statistics in America in the 1990’s when crime fell and migrant numbers rose. Sampson (2008) explains this phenomenon stating that migrants often move into suburbs/areas that are deserted and less desirable and bring new life into them, often saving these places from becoming urban wastelands. Migrants also have strong family links, religious affiliations and support 2012-05-21T01:43:38.32-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Literature-Review-on-Crime-and-Migrants-34571.aspx Illegal Immigration Toll on America Illegal Immigration One of the most controversial political issues of today is that of illegal immigrants from Mexico. Illegal immigration into the United States is a problem that should be stopped, as it is unfair to both Americans and to the people of the country from which they illegally immigrated. It is thought that the majority of illegal aliens residing in the U.S. are Mexicans (Anderson 55). Roy Beck clarifies the situation by stating, "The national consensus is that the United States should be a post-mass immigration country has included most leaders of business, religion, labor, academia, and social work." Illegal immigration from Mexico must be stopped by means of different policies and other methods of prevention, because the effects on both Mexico and the United States are predominately unfavorable. There are multiple policies and means of preventing illegal immigrants from entering the United States. Immigration laws are the catalysts of illegal immigration prevention. Proposition 187 is a tough immigration law clamping down on illegal aliens, used in California, the state with the most illegal immigrants. It doubled the number of boarder guards, made it harder for legal immigrants to bring their families over, not permitting as much political asylum and was harder on illegal aliens already here (DiConsiglio 3). NAFTA, officially, hasn’t reduced as much illegal immigration as had been hoped, but, it helped Mexico recover faster from it’s economic crisis in ‘94-’95, which has stopped a larger flood of people, since most immigrants tend to come to the U.S. in times of Mexican economic depression ("Mexico" 2). The major reason Mexicans tend to illegally immigrate is to find jobs. Therefore, elimination of the chance of them getting a job would be a deterrent. A bill shown to the House, by California would let the employer enter a job applicant’s social security number over the phone to receive confirmation, of a person’s official citizenship (DeMott 31). That would work in conjunction with the need for proper documentation to be shown to employer for current verification of legal citizenship, limiting their job opportunities and thus discouraging them from ever illegally immigrating. The Border Patrol is the most effective and widely used form of prevention. It is an agency of Immigration and Naturalization, that is charged with detecting and preventing illegal passage to the U.S. between Mexico and America (Anderson 59). U.S. vigilance on "the line" causes more delays, higher risks 2007-01-29T04:42:52-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Illegal-Immigration-Toll-on-America-32470.aspx Negative Effects Caused by Immigration Negative Effects Caused by Immigration Immigration should be restricted in the United States in almost every form. The government is in enough chaos trying to handle merely the Americans there are now, without having to deal with the influx of thousands of aliens each year. Along with the myriad of immigrants to the U.S. comes an equal number of problems. The U.S. has some of the most lenient laws governing immigration in the world, and as a result our government supports 2006-07-10T13:44:56-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Negative-Effects-Caused-by-Immigration-30164.aspx Nation of Immigrants Pro Immigration America is sometimes referred to as a "nation of immigrants" because of our largely open-door policy toward accepting foreigners pursuing their vision of the American Dream. Recently, there has been a clamor by some politicians and citizens toward creating a predominantly closed-door policy on immigration, arguing that immigrants "threaten" American life by creating unemployment by taking jobs from American workers, using much-needed social services, and encroaching on the "American way of life." While these arguments may seem valid to many, they are almost overwhelmingly false, and more than likely confused with the subject of illegal immigration. In fact, immigrants actually enhance American life by creating, not taking jobs, bolster social service funds through tax payments, and bring valuable technical knowledge and skills to our country. If we are to continue to excel as a nation, the traditionalists who fear an encroachment of foreign-born Americans must learn to accept that we achieved our greatness as a result of being "a nation of immigrants." A common argument among those opposing further immigration is that foreigners take U.S. jobs and cause unemployment among the displaced American workers. In the July 13, 1992 edition of Business Week , a poll states that sixty-two percent of non-blacks and sixty-three percent of blacks agree that "new immigrants take jobs away from American workers." This is a widely held, if erroneous belief, among Americans. However, Julian L. Simon, author of The Economic Consequences of Immigration, states: immigration does not exacerbate unemployment...Immigrants not only take jobs, but also create them. Their purchases increase the demand for labor, leading to new hires roughly equal in number to the immigrant workers. In the same Business Week poll, eighty-three percent of non-blacks and eighty-seven percent of blacks agree that "many new immigrants are very hard-working." The results of the poll may seem somewhat contradictory, but not necessarily negative. Those polled seem to be at least a little open-minded in their view of the quality of new immigrants. However, in order to overcome their distrust of foreigners, Americans must abandon their suspicions and recognize, as Simon has, that our lives are enhanced by immigrants creating, not taking, U.S. jobs. A widely held belief among Americans against immigration is that foreigners "strain social service budgets." According to the same poll, sixty-two percent of non-blacks and fifty-nine percent of blacks agree "immigrants use more than their fair share of government services, such as welfare, 2006-05-04T16:48:12-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Nation-of-Immigrants-Pro-Immigration-28790.aspx Pro Immigration Essay Nation of Immigrants America is sometimes referred to as a "nation of immigrants" because of our largely open-door policy toward accepting foreigners pursuing their vision of the American Dream. Recently, there has been a clamor by some politicians and citizens toward creating a predominantly closed-door policy on immigration, arguing that immigrants "threaten" American life by creating unemployment by taking jobs from American workers, using much-needed social services, and encroaching on the "American way of life." While these arguments may seem valid to many, they are almost overwhelmingly false, and more than likely confused with the subject of illegal immigration. In fact, immigrants actually enhance American life by creating, not taking jobs, bolster social service funds through tax payments, and bring valuable technical knowledge and skills to our country. If we are to continue to excel as a nation, the traditionalists who fear an encroachment of foreign-born Americans must learn to accept that we achieved our greatness as a result of being "a nation of immigrants." A common argument among those opposing further immigration is that foreigners take U.S. jobs and cause unemployment among the displaced American workers. In the July 13, 1992 edition of Business Week , a poll states that sixty-two percent of non-blacks and sixty-three percent of blacks agree that "new immigrants take jobs away from American workers." This is a widely held, if erroneous belief, among Americans. However, Julian L. Simon, author of The Economic Consequences of Immigration, states: immigration does not exacerbate unemployment...Immigrants not only take jobs, but also create them. Their purchases increase the demand for labor, leading to new hires roughly equal in number to the immigrant workers. In the same Business Week poll, eighty-three percent of non-blacks and eighty-seven percent of blacks agree that "many new immigrants are very hard-working." The results of the poll may seem somewhat contradictory, but not necessarily negative. Those polled seem to be at least a little open-minded in their view of the quality of new immigrants. However, in order to overcome their distrust of foreigners, Americans must abandon their suspicions and recognize, as Simon has, that our lives are enhanced by immigrants creating, not taking, U.S. jobs. A widely held belief among Americans against 2005-06-16T03:20:37-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Pro-Immigration-Essay-26866.aspx Immigration Policies Pro or Against Immigration Policies Background America was built by immigrants. From Plymouth Rock in the seventeenth century to Ellis Island in the twentieth, people from every where came to America some were fleeing religious persecution and political turmoil. Most of them came for economic reasons and were part of extensive migratory systems that responded to changing demands in labor markets. In recent year, an 2005-03-27T10:34:38-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Immigration-Policies-Pro-or-Against-26411.aspx Multiculturalism Varying Definitions In today’s society, there are many different terms and definitions used to describe multiculturalism. For example, “melting pot”, “mosaic”, and “assimilation” are the most commonly used terms today to describe multiculturalism. However, with societies different definitions of multiculturalism there will always be stereotyping, bias opinions, racism as well as problems associated with cultural references. Nevertheless, by raising awareness of the multicultural policy in future generations one could only hope to eliminate such behaviours. One of the ways multiculturalism had been defined is by the term “melting pot”. Melting pot is when a culture, say for example Japanese, moves to the United States of America, the Japanese would then take on an American culture, which then becomes the majority culture. Gloria Yamato sates that we must reclaim whatever parts of our ethnic heritage that we have lost. She feels that this so called “melting pot” has succeeded into turning us into “fast gobbling generics”. In the story, “For Mataji” by Amita Handa the author says that girls couldn’t go to school because they weren’t looked at in the same way that the boys were (280, Amita Handa). Not allowing girls to go to school is prejudice, because of the fact that they’re equal, and are not different. However, in the Proclamation of the Canadian Constitution, Pierre Elliot Trudeau stated “I speak of a country where every person is free to fulfill himself or herself to the utmost, unhindered by the arbitrary actions of governments” (430, Pierre Elliot Trudeau). This means that he believes everyone is enjoy themselves to the fullest and not to hold back anything about themselves. The second way multiculturalism had been defined is by the term “mosaic”. Mosaic is when there are many cultures in one place but all of the different cultures can practice their own beliefs without being looked down on. However, in the story “Wing Chips” by Mavis Gallant this is not the case. An English father asked the child who was French if that was the reason that the child’s father was always around frogs (pg 206, Mavis Gallant). That is not only bias and racist but also it’s rude and uncalled for. Nevertheless, Pierre Elliot Trudeau always has something encouraging to say, for example, “I speak of a Canada where men and women of Aboriginal ancestry, of French and British heritage, of the diverse cultures of the world, demonstrate the will 2004-10-30T02:11:29-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Multiculturalism-Varying-Definitions-25620.aspx Illegal Immigration from Mexico into the United States One of the most controversial political issues of today is that of illegal immigrants from Mexico. Illegal immigration into the United States is a problem that should be stopped, as it is unfair to both Americans and to the people of the country from which they illegally immigrated. It is thought that the majority of illegal aliens residing in the U.S. are Mexicans (Anderson 55). Roy Beck clarifies the situation by stating, "The national consensus is that the United States should be a post-mass immigration country has included most leaders of business, religion, labor, academia, and social work." Illegal immigration from Mexico must be stopped by means of different policies and other methods of prevention, because the effects on both Mexico and the United States are predominately unfavorable. There are multiple policies and means of preventing illegal immigrants from entering the United States. Immigration laws are the catalysts of illegal immigration prevention. Proposition 187 is a tough immigration law clamping down on illegal aliens, used in California, the state with the most illegal immigrants. It doubled the number of boarder guards, made it harder for legal immigrants to bring their families over, not permitting as much political asylum and was harder on illegal aliens already here (DiConsiglio 3). NAFTA, officially, hasn’t reduced as much illegal immigration as had been hoped, but, it helped Mexico recover faster from it’s economic crisis in ‘94-’95, which has stopped a larger flood of people, since most immigrants tend to come to the U.S. in times of Mexican economic depression ("Mexico" 2). The major reason Mexicans tend to illegally immigrate is to find jobs. Therefore, elimination of the chance of them getting a job would be a deterrent. A bill shown to the House, by California would let the employer enter a job applicant’s social security number over the phone to receive confirmation, of a person’s official citizenship (DeMott 31). That would work in conjunction with the need for proper documentation to be shown to employer for current verification of legal citizenship, limiting their job opportunities and thus discouraging them from ever illegally immigrating. The Border Patrol is the most effective and widely used form of prevention. It is an agency of Immigration and Naturalization, that is charged with detecting and preventing illegal passage to the U.S. between Mexico and America (Anderson 59). U.S. vigilance on "the line" causes more delays, higher risks and raised costs 2004-07-05T23:00:05-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Illegal-Immigration-from-Mexico-into-the-United-States-25534.aspx Hmong Means Free Life in Laos and America Hmong Means Free: Life in Laos and America Hmong Means Free uses the unedited life stories of several Hmong refugees from different age groups as told by themselves to offer an unbiased look at the struggles of Laotian immigrants. The inclusion of the entire life story serves to put their immigration into context, describing the immigration as a necessity rather than a choice. The introduction characterized the Hmong as a peaceful people who were inadvertently caught in a war that they were neither responsible for, nor interested in. The book’s use of personal accounts also provides a look at the diverse backgrounds of Laotian immigrants and the accounts of Hmong life in both Laos and America has a humanizing effect on the perception of Asian immigrants in general. It successfully allowed Laotian refugees to present their perspective and feelings on their immigration and goals in America, refuting the stereotypical views of leeching and inhuman refugees held by many in America at the time of their arrival. It is interesting that most of the challenges faced by the Laotian immigrants in America were very similar to those challenges described by Nazli Kibria in Family Tightrope. For example, both texts suggest that learning English and becoming familiar with American customs allows Asian immigrant children to assimilate easier into American culture and feel more accepted. Ironically, however, even though education is highly valued by Asian immigrants, the educational system serves to contradict much of parental teachings and erodes the Asian identity they wish to maintain. As Xang Mao Xiong says “The children of today have no respect for their elders and do not fear their parents. Americans do not understand our culture, and we do not understand theirs (101).” These similarities suggest that any immigrant is likely to face the same type of problems in America – racism, language-barriers, difficulty in cultural assimilation, the development of generation gaps, and employment for economic survival. For Asian immigrants in particular, it appears the methods for combating these difficulties are also similar. Laotian refugees such as Jou Yee Xiong felt an intense commitment to others back in the homeland. In Laos, and later in America, the Laotian refugees worked and lived together to establish an economic safety net. As one of the Xiong family said “We live like poor people but are happy and do not envy others…Since I have so many grandsons, relatives, and friends, 2004-03-28T06:16:16-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Hmong-Means-Free-Life-in-Laos-and-America-83.aspx