Matching of Dental Images by Root Morphology
Uploaded by devijanet on May 04, 2007
1. Introduction
Forensic identification may take place prior to death and is referred to as Antemortem (AM) identification. Identification may as well be carried out after death and is called Postmortem (PM) identification. While behavioral characteristics (e.g. speech) are not suitable for PM identification, most of the physiological characteristics are not appropriate for PM identification as well, especially under severe circumstances encountered in mass disasters (e.g. airplane crashes) or when identification is being attempted more than a few weeks after death.
Therefore, a postmortem biometric identifier has to survive such severe conditions and resist early decay that affects body tissues.Dental features are considered the best candidates for PM identification. This is due to their survivability and diversity. Forensic odontology is the branch of forensics concerned with identifying human individuals based on their dental features. Traditionally, forensic odontologists relied on the morphology of dental restorations (fillings, crowns, .. etc.) to identify victims. However, modern materials used in restorations and fillings have poor radiographic characteristics. Hence, it is becoming important to make identification decisions based on inherent dental features like root and crown morphologies, teeth size, rotations, spacing between teeth and sinus patterns.
2.Existing Architecture
ADIS will provide automated search and matching capabilities for digitized x-ray and photographic images. This paper deals about an overview of ADIS (Automated Dental Identification System) and also present a new fully automated algorithm for identifying people from dental X-ray images. ADIS (Automated Dental Identification System) is a fully automated system, which is built for PM identification. Dental biometrics automatically analyzes dental radiographs to achieve the aim of forensic dentistry. It is to identify the deceased individuals for whom other means of identification (e.g., fingerprint, face, etc.) are not available. Dental radiographs provide valid, accurate and reliable information about the identity of an individual.
On the basis of the time of acquisition, there are two classes of dental radiographs. The radiographs acquired after the death are called the Post-mortem (PM) radiographs, and the radiographs acquired while the person is alive are called the Ante-mortem (AM) radiographs. The AM radiographs, collected in the dentists' office, are labeled with patients' names. The method used in dental biometrics is matching the unlabelled PM radiographs against the database of labeled AM radiographs. If the set of teeth in a PM radiograph sufficiently matches the teeth in an AM radiograph, the identity of the PM radiograph is obtained In order to achieve the ADIS, the automated archiving...