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The failure of the Chinese Nationalist government's attempts at national integration in the Nanjing decade 1928 - 1937

Uploaded by tamii on Dec 25, 2011

SYNOPSIS


This essay argues that the Kuomintang (KMT) government of China in the years 1928 to 1937, failed in its attempt at national integration. It shows that the KMT's refusal to move beyond political tutelage, lost it the support of political moderates, and was directly responsible for the emergence of Chiang Kai-shek as China's new overlord. That Chiang as a military man, attempted to unify China with military force alone, which left the KMT without the neccessary all-embracing ideology needed to rally the people behind it. That the KMT failed to address the social and land reform needs of the peasants, causing the peasants to turn away from the KMT to the Communists for support, which ultimately undermined both the KMT's attempt at national integration, and KMT rule.


The years 1928 - 1937 were the years that the Kuomintang ( KMT ) government had its best chance of reforming, rebuilding, and integrating a fractured China. It was during this decade that the KMT had its greatest potential to create the China envisioned by Sun Yat-sen. To many, it appeared as if the KMT government was in fact the revolutionary and reforming government it claimed to be. Beginning with the apparent success of the Northern Expedition, to the reform of the financial and education systems, the recovery of foreign concessions, and the modest increase in industrialisation, the KMT appeared to be well underway in its attempt to rebuild China into an integrated nation.1 Yet as important as these successes were, the reality was that the KMT, as a politically unifying force, was inherently flawed; so that irrespective of the outward appearances, the KMT's attempt at national integration not only ended in failure, but that its failure was in fact inevitable. The inevitability of the failure of the KMT stems from the fundamental political mistakes it made during the decade. These mistakes were its inability or unwillingness to move beyond the tutelage government to a more open and democratic system, losing it the support of the moderate liberals, and leading to the assumption of Chiang Kai-shek to a position as China's effective dictator. The reliance of the KMT on military solutions to political problems, which left the party with little in the way of an effective ideology. The complete failure of the KMT...

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Uploaded by:   tamii

Date:   12/25/2011

Category:   Politics

Length:   13 pages (2,971 words)

Views:   2954

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