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Essays 361 - 390

God As Conceptualized by Baruch Spinoza

God is the world and the universe and it is just there. At the same time, he may be seen as both the cause of, and the universe, i...

God, Knowledge, Wisdom, and Virtue According to Descartes and Aristotle

In nine pages specific questions are answered regarding Aristotle's position on happiness, virtue, knowledge, and wisdom, and then...

Chapter 3 of From the Presocratics to the Present A Personal Odyssey by Daniel Kolak

In seven pages this chapter is discussed in terms of how the author portrayed the philosophical influences of such theorists as Hu...

Sensory Perceptions and Descartes' Argument

is an objective reality, people are basically defining what is real and what is not. Life becomes confusing. Loeb (1986) explains...

Education Politics, Modernism, and Postmodernism

at those responsible for the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. In other words, education is supposed to take a neutral appr...

Philosophy and the Relationship Between the Body and the Mind

of that century, the French philosopher, Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715) developed his metaphysical theories known as "occasionali...

Philosophical Concepts

of the most important philosophers when talking about knowledge and where it comes from. His explanation suggests that there is a ...

A Discussion of the Pronouncement I Think

a thinking thing, or a thing possessing within itself the faculty of thinking" (Descartes, 1960, p. 7). The fundamental asp...

Identity Issues

certain choices in life. They make communion and choose a new middle name. They go to school, and their degree is attached to that...

Inductive and Metaphysical Skepticism and Meeting Their Challenges

and balances helps to equalize what man truly knows and that which he thinks he knows - the very foundation for identifying weakne...

Science, Philosophy, and God's Existence

Descartes seemed to think that the way to find objectivity, from a subjective existence, would be to prove that a perfect God is t...

The Mind-Body Problem and Descartes' Meditations

beyond their own myopic existence. Can conscious experience be separate from the brain, and can conscious experience wield causal...

Knowledge of Humanity, Empiricism vs. Rationalism

is, therefore, to be perceived - that matter does not exist independently of perception. Inasmuch as philosophy is nothing other ...

Personal Identity of David Hume

or the perception of identity changes through time. For example, someone grows up and has certain experiences and perceptions and ...

Body and Mind Distinction

Smarts philosophies regarding the correlation between brain and mind are supported by a number of historic philosophers and scient...

How Benjamin Argued Against Descartes

and truth, Benjamin (2002) surmises how those who have invested both time and pains in its postulations should partake of a greate...

Philosophers on God's Existence

experiences were possible (Gogan, 2006). This author indicates this in the following: "Kant gets rid of the usual foundation for r...

Anselm, Aquinas, Descartes/Existence of God

conclusion that "a being than which none greater can be conceived can be conceived to be greater than it is," which is "absurd" (A...

The Evolution of the Criminal Justice System

enlightenment philosophy? What form did those ideas take in classical criminological thought?" First, a look at each of the named...

PHILOSPHY AND THE CONCEPT OF REALITY

Some (not Descartes) focused on the fact that reality is mainly material - these are the materialists (What is Philosophy?). Other...

Elizabeth Costello's Views on Animal Rights

Despite her poor reception by those that disagree with her philosophically, Costello makes many valid points about animal rights. ...

Personal Philosophy of Nursing

individual is an "open system," which includes "distinct, but integrated physiological, psychological and socio-cultural systems" ...

The Difference Between Human and Non-Human Animals

way they are like human beings who are mentally handicapped. Animals have souls and are loving and lovable, but they do not have t...

James/Determinism & Descartes/Radical Doubt

rising above childhoods of extreme poverty or abuse, yet cases do occur. James second argument in defense of free will point to th...

What Does Empiricism Teach About The Relationship Between Appearance And Reality?

awareness of the moment at hand and draws attention to the fleeting nature of existence that unifies all things. "The ideas of Se...

Did Descartes Question His Own Thought Process?

accept the cogito at face value. It is only after answering an objection, that he comes up with a conclusion, which is that while ...

Philosophy Topics

the Buddhist worldview and the goal of detaching oneself from the material world and the body. "Thought is an attribute that rea...

Charles Peirce's Account Of Truth And Reality In "How To Make Our Ideas Clear"

perception is that which we, as humans, have been trained to discern as a species, inasmuch as the certain quality of perception r...

Hume's Ideas about the Distinct and Continued Existence of Objects

it is also the case that in general terms, people seem to believe what they see. They do not see atoms and they do see a solid mas...

The Theory and Difficulties of Cartesian Dualism

which he uses to argue that the senses are not based in the physical world. This is also supported by his argument that madmen may...