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Essays 391 - 420

'Argument Against Skepticism' by John Hospers

to the first two in that people have some former knowledge in order to "know" someone, or "know" how to do something (Hospers, 196...

Charles Peirce's Account Of Truth And Reality In "How To Make Our Ideas Clear"

perception is that which we, as humans, have been trained to discern as a species, inasmuch as the certain quality of perception r...

Hume's Ideas about the Distinct and Continued Existence of Objects

it is also the case that in general terms, people seem to believe what they see. They do not see atoms and they do see a solid mas...

The Evolution of the Criminal Justice System

enlightenment philosophy? What form did those ideas take in classical criminological thought?" First, a look at each of the named...

Anselm, Aquinas, Descartes/Existence of God

conclusion that "a being than which none greater can be conceived can be conceived to be greater than it is," which is "absurd" (A...

Philosophers on God's Existence

experiences were possible (Gogan, 2006). This author indicates this in the following: "Kant gets rid of the usual foundation for r...

Body and Mind Distinction

Smarts philosophies regarding the correlation between brain and mind are supported by a number of historic philosophers and scient...

How Benjamin Argued Against Descartes

and truth, Benjamin (2002) surmises how those who have invested both time and pains in its postulations should partake of a greate...

Sensory Perceptions and Descartes' Argument

is an objective reality, people are basically defining what is real and what is not. Life becomes confusing. Loeb (1986) explains...

A Discussion of the Pronouncement I Think

a thinking thing, or a thing possessing within itself the faculty of thinking" (Descartes, 1960, p. 7). The fundamental asp...

Identity Issues

certain choices in life. They make communion and choose a new middle name. They go to school, and their degree is attached to that...

Philosophical Concept Known as 'the Great Chain of Being'

of the world (1993). Yet, one can see this in action in smaller ways. Another way to look at the world is through the model called...

Sixteenth Through Seventeenth Centuries' Scientific Concepts

upon life are not likely to be duplicated in the near future. Indeed, the praise for such progression during these two periods ca...

Philosophy and the Relationship Between the Body and the Mind

of that century, the French philosopher, Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715) developed his metaphysical theories known as "occasionali...

Philosophers Compared and Contrasted

The problem which arose was that if the mind generates all perception, then is our understanding of something "real", meaning of t...

Philosophy of Doubt and Renee Descartes

This paper considers how Descartes used doubt to prove his own existence. There are three sources in this five page paper. ...

Philosophical Problems of Cartesian Circle

It is in the Second Meditation, however, that the apparent flaw in his logic appears and gives rise to the Cartesian Circle. In th...

Symbolism and Theme of Plato's Allegory of the Cave

attempt to free themselves. What he has realized is that what they had seen all along on the wall of the cave were mere representa...

Education Politics, Modernism, and Postmodernism

at those responsible for the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. In other words, education is supposed to take a neutral appr...

Philosophical Concepts

of the most important philosophers when talking about knowledge and where it comes from. His explanation suggests that there is a ...

God, Knowledge, Wisdom, and Virtue According to Descartes and Aristotle

In nine pages specific questions are answered regarding Aristotle's position on happiness, virtue, knowledge, and wisdom, and then...

Chapter 3 of From the Presocratics to the Present A Personal Odyssey by Daniel Kolak

In seven pages this chapter is discussed in terms of how the author portrayed the philosophical influences of such theorists as Hu...

Excessive Skepticism and David Hume

able to determine their own choices, rather than be automatically programmed for response. The student might surmise that o...

Existence, Delusion, Doubt, and Destiny

yet highly controversial Theory of Evolution in 1859, a theory impressive in its presentation and scientific reasoning but unmista...

Innate Knowledge and the Debate Between Nativism and Empiricism

In nine pages the debate between innate or native knowledge as espoused by Kant, Descartes, and Plato is compared with the empiric...

Philosophy as the Practice of Death by Plato as Evaluated by Descartes

This research report looks at how Descartes would feel about Plato's ideas. Would he agree with Plato in his ideas about death? Th...

Philosophy Defined

In ten pages this paper examines what philosophy represents as considered in Philosophy The Quest For Truth by Louis R. Pojman a...

Mechanistic and Teleological Views of the World

In five pages this paper examines life's purpose and God as represented by these worldviews with such works as The Antichrist, Med...

Descartes and Heidegger in Samuel Beckett's Rockaby

In five pages this paper discusses how the philosophies of Descartes and Heidegger manifest themselves in this short story by Samu...

God As Conceptualized by Baruch Spinoza

God is the world and the universe and it is just there. At the same time, he may be seen as both the cause of, and the universe, i...