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Essays 391 - 420

The Mind-Body Problem and Descartes' Meditations

beyond their own myopic existence. Can conscious experience be separate from the brain, and can conscious experience wield causal...

Knowledge of Humanity, Empiricism vs. Rationalism

is, therefore, to be perceived - that matter does not exist independently of perception. Inasmuch as philosophy is nothing other ...

Knowledge and the Views of the Empiricists and the Rationalists

In eleven pages this paper defines rationalism and empiricism in a consideration of the philosophical views of Berkeley, Hume, Loc...

Does Believing in God's Existence Make Any Sense?

In five pages this paper discusses the grounds for believing in God's existence by discussing philosophical interpretations of fou...

Knowledge and First Truth According to Descartes' Meditations

This research report examines ideas by Descartes and internal aspects of one's being are explored. True knowledge is one concept h...

Descartes on Dualism

are comprised of. Dualism and Descartes Descartes believed that the two elements were mind and soul, or mental substance ("gh...

Personal Morality and Life's Meaning

In nine pages this paper examines the role of personal morality in attaching meaning to life in a comparative analysis of Meno and...

Innate Knowledge and the Debate Between Nativism and Empiricism

In nine pages the debate between innate or native knowledge as espoused by Kant, Descartes, and Plato is compared with the empiric...

Mechanistic and Teleological Views of the World

In five pages this paper examines life's purpose and God as represented by these worldviews with such works as The Antichrist, Med...

Existence, Delusion, Doubt, and Destiny

yet highly controversial Theory of Evolution in 1859, a theory impressive in its presentation and scientific reasoning but unmista...

God As Conceptualized by Baruch Spinoza

God is the world and the universe and it is just there. At the same time, he may be seen as both the cause of, and the universe, i...

Armstrong's Argument Compared with Descartes' Metaphysics

This research report looks at the ideas of both of these theorists. Armstrong's opposition to Descartes' ideas is duly noted. Thi...

A Discussion of the Pronouncement I Think

a thinking thing, or a thing possessing within itself the faculty of thinking" (Descartes, 1960, p. 7). The fundamental asp...

Identity Issues

certain choices in life. They make communion and choose a new middle name. They go to school, and their degree is attached to that...

Inductive and Metaphysical Skepticism and Meeting Their Challenges

and balances helps to equalize what man truly knows and that which he thinks he knows - the very foundation for identifying weakne...

Body and Mind Distinction

Smarts philosophies regarding the correlation between brain and mind are supported by a number of historic philosophers and scient...

Sensory Perceptions and Descartes' Argument

is an objective reality, people are basically defining what is real and what is not. Life becomes confusing. Loeb (1986) explains...

Anselm, Aquinas, Descartes/Existence of God

conclusion that "a being than which none greater can be conceived can be conceived to be greater than it is," which is "absurd" (A...

Philosophers on God's Existence

experiences were possible (Gogan, 2006). This author indicates this in the following: "Kant gets rid of the usual foundation for r...

How Benjamin Argued Against Descartes

and truth, Benjamin (2002) surmises how those who have invested both time and pains in its postulations should partake of a greate...

Personal Identity of David Hume

or the perception of identity changes through time. For example, someone grows up and has certain experiences and perceptions and ...

Hume, Kant, and Descartes' Teleological, Ontological, and Cosmological Arguments and God's Existence Criticisms

Arguments for the Existence of God Rene Descartes (1596-1650) is known as one of the most influential Western philosophers today....

Objective and Formal Reality According To Descartes

capable of undergoing so many changes with regard to appearance, temperature, solidity and so on as to be rendered completely diff...

Philosophical Concept Known as 'the Great Chain of Being'

of the world (1993). Yet, one can see this in action in smaller ways. Another way to look at the world is through the model called...

'Argument Against Skepticism' by John Hospers

to the first two in that people have some former knowledge in order to "know" someone, or "know" how to do something (Hospers, 196...

Meditations by Descartes, Skepticism and Science

The fundamental propositions of the science established in the Meditations go to physics, but while Descartes did apply science, h...

Armstrong and Descartes' Views Compared

one is not perceiving reality correctly. Yet, while all of these situations leads to a change in perception, who is to say that th...

Philosophers Compared and Contrasted

The problem which arose was that if the mind generates all perception, then is our understanding of something "real", meaning of t...

Armstrong and Descartes on the Problem Between the Mind and Body

that the condition for being in a mental state should be given by the function of that state and also, this is meant to be in term...

Hume and Descartes Compared

at the conclusion that there is no belief of which we can be certain, since the process of acquiring such information is inherentl...