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Essays 361 - 390

Civilization Collapses and Transformations

Toynebee (1935, p5) describes breakdowns in civilizations as failures of those civilizations to ascend from the stage of primitive...

Medea, An Overview

This essay presents an overview of Medea in Greek mythology, referring to scholarly assessment of ancient sources and also the way...

Prochoice v. Prolife

Abortion is a hotly contested controversy in the United States. There is a very long history of abortion. Ancient and medieval civ...

Two Art Figures from the Ancient World

This research contrasts and compares two art figures from ancient civilizations, which are part of the collection at the Metropoli...

Defining Civilization and Explaining Liberalism and Realism

The geographical aspect has been argued as one that is essential, as all civilizations may be located in a map (Braudel and Mayne,...

The Collapse of the Maya Society

that were once great and in some cases spanned the globe no longer exist. The Roman Empire was feared throughout the known world o...

The Influences of the Near East and Egypt on Minoan Civilization

In a paper of five pages, the writer focuses on the question of how much influence the Near East and Egypt had on the progress in ...

Ancient Artworks

deal about the civilization that created it. This paper discusses three antiquities found at the Art Institute in Chicago, and wha...

Jared Diamond: “Collapse”

that Diamond discusses are the Anasazi and the Maya. "Anasazi" is the name given to various groups of Native Americans living in t...

Huxley and Conrad: Two Views of Civilization

changed dramatically. Huxley writes: "In place of the old pleasures demanding intelligence and personal initiative, we have vast o...

Agriculture and Mesopotamia

fertile lands coupled with the ability to utilize the discovery or creation of irrigation. One author notes, "It was the two river...

Considering the Maya

plights of war ... as the common people devoted themselves to the cult of their rain gods and peacefully tilled their fields {milp...

Spartan Civilization

Lakedaimon, a king himself, named his country after himself. The capital of that country he named after his wife. Lacedaemon, of...

Egyptian Literature, Indus Valley, and Feudalism

that they were very connected as well. It is also important to note that any works which have survived the ages do not even begin ...

Spread of Christianity and Development of Trade/Capitalism as Two Significant Contributions of the Middle Ages ‘Gothic World’ to the Phenomenon of Civilization

and had to rely upon trade and barter to exchange goods, services, and currency. Trade was the only means by which poorer classes...

Figurines of Ancient Mycenae

This research paper discusses the figurines produced in ancient Mycenaean civilization and their possible uses, including the inte...

Mesopotamian Society and The Epic of Gilgamesh

Is not (even the core of) the brick structure made of kiln-fired brick, and did not the Seven Sages themselves lay out its plans? ...

Ancient Civilizations and the Significance of Writing

In five pages this paper discusses how the ancient civilizations of Greece, Egypt, and Mesopotamia achieved cultural expansion thr...

Religions of Ancient Egypt

noted by the leadership of Menes, the first pharaoh, in which the communities of Egypt formed around the Nile delta and the Nile v...

Human Existence, Civilization, and Philosophy According to Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx

would be no hope of redemption or change. Frankl supports this position by contending that mans search for meaning "is the primar...

Comparing Two Ancient Civilizations

Crete ("Barbarians," 1999). The region was very peaceful. In fact, there has been only scant evidence of a military force ("Barbar...

Bruce Bower's 'Sacred Secrets of the Caves' Reviewed

when some archeologists needed assistance in searching through caves that seemed to bend and twist and go on forever, with at leas...

Similarities of Ancient Egypt and Early Mesopotamia in Terms of Rule and Structure

also stand in testament to the fact of the existence and power of a central government and a strong social stratification. The ru...

10 Aztec Culture Questions

that life is a dream (Leon-Portilla 7). The Aztecs reasoned that, eventually, everything vanishes, even things such as rocks and p...

Democracy Defined

for a third alternative to what he sees as the two ways of looking at democracy, either as a having "negative rights" or "positive...

Overview of Early Civilizations

to Cyprus, where copper was mined and alloyed with the tin to produce bronze" (Bronze Age, 2005). The tin, upon analysis, was rev...

Jesus Christ, Socrates, and Sigmund Freud

As in most of his essays, Freud (1952), in Civilization and its Discontents, wrestles with human nature and why there is such a ch...

World Affairs and The Clash of Civilizations by Samuel P. Huntington

in ideology, but will be conflict arising between civilizations due to cultural differences.2 A civilization is a group o...

Eurasia Civilizations and Differences

1993). China or eastern Asia is so large and the population so great that China is considered to be a civilization all of its own....

Life's Meaning in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

the ears of company officials. Marlow accepts this mission, travels upriver, and confronts the horror that Kurtz has become. In ot...