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conservative valuing tool. The model is best used when there is a stock that is making regular dividend payments, but it can be u...

6%) = 7.726% If this should be the rate of return we can now use this along with the return that is already...

the expected market return less the risk free rate. However, in the case we do not need perform this section of the calculation as...

In two pages Ravi Jagannathan and Zhenyu Wang's article, 'An Asymptotic Theory for Estimating Beta-Pricing Models Using Cross-Sect...

This is a theory that forms the basis of capital structure theories, and comes on two versions, with and without taxes. The origin...

be a special purpose vehicle (SPV) which is an entity that is often set up by the financial institutions sales, the specific aim o...

as the market as a whole. The risk of any investment is usually measured in terms of the beta, the greater the...

1997). The key to success for any investment manager would then be the identification of that portfolio of the worlds available as...

In six pages the accounts of these banks in the four year period between 1996 and 2000 are assessed in terms of performance throug...

the values that may be gained. If they were not then these were tools which could have been used. The first tool...

be easy for academic purposes as well as practical is that of capital asset pricing model. This is a system of appraising the cost...

When we apply the CAPM there is a simple formula, this is where E(R) is the rate of return that is expected on any single stock, r...

In five pages CAPM is described, its application is considered as well as its value in terms of future return discounting along wi...

Though oil companies will not admit to any extra profit generation, they do concede that many locales require additional treatment...

at the theories regarding the way that capital structure may be determined, looking at ideas such as pecking order and trade-off t...

The first part of the paper discusses the 4 potential strategies; marginal cost pricing, incremental pricing, break even pricing a...

of a division, on the top of the division is the percentage change in the quantity demanded, (the percentage change in the number ...

looking at the macroeconomic impact of oil during the oil shock of the 1970s and the more resent oil crisis the highly complex inf...

as a proactive strategy to place competition to disadvantage of force them out of the market, or to compete in a aggressive manner...

is that of the dividend discount model. The rationale behind this model is that the value of a share should be calculated by refe...

these costs need to be considered in the cost that is paid for capital as a whole. The cost of capital is a combination of all of ...

incentive for the investor to take the extra risk. The level of the extra return related t the risk is known as the risk premium. ...

speculation, as such it is allowing for this extra risk. Where lenders seek to gain security of loans in the form of shares this m...

and future potential of a company by the shareholders and investors depends on the effectiveness with which the resources are used...

being celebrated. For the consumer there is a choice, they can choose when to eat, and this will impact on the price they pay. F...

essentially sets prices for all of American health care, as explained below. Aside from pricing according to production cos...

sales they can increase the profit with less made on each individual sale, but making up for the lower profit per unit with a larg...

is, it represents the price where both sellers and buyers are happy with both price and quantity (GCSE economics, 2004). For examp...

price was higher in real terms than it is today. It is also worth noting that the major peak seen towards the right of the chart b...

very unattractive. The alternative is to segment the market in order to maximise income. In a monopolist market and a perfectly se...