Programming C++
Uploaded by Sk8erD00d on Dec 12, 2004
NOTES ON C++ PROGRAMMING
Module 1: Pointers and Memory Management
NOTES ON C++ PROGRAMMING
Module 1: Pointers and Memory Management
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
OVERVIEW 4
BASIC MEMORY MANAGEMENT 5
GROUP ASSIGNMENT 6
INITIALIZATION 8
CONSTANTS 9
INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS 10
ELSE-IF 13
SWITCH 14
LOOPS 15
EXAMPLES OF LOOPS 16
BREAK, CONTINUE 18
RETURN 19
FUNCTION DEFINITION: 21
VOID FUNCTIONS 22
FUNCTIONS RETURNING A VALUE 23
OVERVIEW
Algorithms:
A step-by-step sequence of instructions that describes how to perform a computation.
Answers the question "What method will you use to solve this computational problem?"
Flowcharts:
Provides a pictorial representation of the algorithm using the symbols.
Structure Charts:
Provides a pictorial representation of the modules contained in the program.
Programming Style:
Standard form:
Function names starts in column 1 and is placed with the required parentheses on a line by itself.
The opening brace of the function body follows on the next line and is placed under the first letter of the function name.
The closing brace is placed by itself in column 1 as the last line of the function.
The final form of your programs should be consistent and should always serve as an aid to the reading and understanding of your programs.
Comments:
Explanatory remarks made within a program. Help clarify what the complete program is about, what a specific group of statements is meant to accomplish, or what one line is intended to do.
Top-Down Program Development:
1. Determine the desired output items that the program must produce.
2. Determine the input items
3. Design the program as follows:
a. Select an algorithm for transforming the input items into the desired outputs.
b. Check the chosen algorithm, by hand, using specific input values.
4. Code the algorithm into C.
5. Test the program using selected test data.
BASIC MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Space set aside for the variable:
Characters 1 byte (8 bits)
Pointers 4 bytes
Integers 2 bytes (16 bits) or 4 bytes (32 bits)
Short int or short 2 bytes
Unsigned int or unsigned 2 bytes
Long Integers 4 bytes
Floats 4 bytes(single precision, about 7 decimal places)
Doubles 8 bytes(double precision, about 15 decimal places)
Type Space
a) double *values; __________________ ________________________
b) long x[1000]; __________________ ________________________
c) char *s = "string"; __________________ ________________________
d) char s[] = "string"; __________________ ________________________
e) char *name [10]; __________________ ________________________
f) int y; __________________ ________________________...